Dr. Matthew B. (Matt) (likely the presenter) - Unknown

And it's certainly a huge problem in people with type 2 diabetes.

because they are constantly having glucose dysregulation in their elevated blood glucose levels.

But generally speaking, when you have the HbA1c high, you are talking about glucose reacting with lipids and proteins through the Maillard reaction, including collagen.

And this is all inside of our blood vessels, our arteries, our myocardium surrounding our heart.

When you have those advanced glycation end products forming, it stiffens that collagen.

HbA1c levels turn over after about, what, 120 days?

Your collagen is in there forever.

So what happens is you have those advanced glycation end products.

If it's in your blood vessels, it stiffens the blood vessels, and this leads to hypertension, plays a big role in hypertension.

When it's happening in the arteries and in the myocardium, this decreases cardiovascular compliance.

And it really plays a role in the stiffening of your heart with age.

And so these advanced medication end products increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, and hypertension.

So having these elevations in your blood glucose levels and subsequently the HbA1c biomarker, which biomarks that,

is so much more than just type 2 diabetes risk.

It's cardiovascular health, and it's really a cumulative effect that plays a role as we age.

There are a variety of mechanisms that have been identified for how short sleep and mild sleep restriction can cause dysfunctional metabolism.

So we're gonna talk about decreased insulin signaling in adipocytes.

We're gonna talk about lower beta cell sensitivity to glucose.

We're gonna talk about impaired glucose absorption in muscle and liver, and then changes in satiety hormones.

So there's been some studies looking at sleep restriction.