Dr. Moudhy Al-Rashid

Yeah, because it's a goat with like a mermaid tail. Yes. The scorpions, Scorpius, Leo, Gemini, the twins, etc. So they named each of these 12 sections after the main constellation within it. And that is where we get the zodiac from.

And the zodiac is this incredible innovation because it allows them to create a new celestial coordinate system to record their observations, but then also to make mathematical calculations within those as well, especially that sort of 30 degrees each. So it's a slightly different system of measurement that is being used in those texts.

And the zodiac is this incredible innovation because it allows them to create a new celestial coordinate system to record their observations, but then also to make mathematical calculations within those as well, especially that sort of 30 degrees each. So it's a slightly different system of measurement that is being used in those texts.

And the zodiac is this incredible innovation because it allows them to create a new celestial coordinate system to record their observations, but then also to make mathematical calculations within those as well, especially that sort of 30 degrees each. So it's a slightly different system of measurement that is being used in those texts.

The mathematical astronomy texts, we typically divide into two categories. The first category is these tables that give the kind of values that would be generated with an equation of some kind or an algorithm of some kind. And then the second category is procedure texts that give instructions for those calculations, which I think is just absolutely incredible.

The mathematical astronomy texts, we typically divide into two categories. The first category is these tables that give the kind of values that would be generated with an equation of some kind or an algorithm of some kind. And then the second category is procedure texts that give instructions for those calculations, which I think is just absolutely incredible.

The mathematical astronomy texts, we typically divide into two categories. The first category is these tables that give the kind of values that would be generated with an equation of some kind or an algorithm of some kind. And then the second category is procedure texts that give instructions for those calculations, which I think is just absolutely incredible.

If you read these texts, you have to read them about 200 times. And even at the end of those, you're like, I actually still have no clue what's going on. But the procedure texts... are basically verbal descriptions of an algorithm.

If you read these texts, you have to read them about 200 times. And even at the end of those, you're like, I actually still have no clue what's going on. But the procedure texts... are basically verbal descriptions of an algorithm.

If you read these texts, you have to read them about 200 times. And even at the end of those, you're like, I actually still have no clue what's going on. But the procedure texts... are basically verbal descriptions of an algorithm.

They're giving you instructions, you know, this is the maximum, this is the minimum, you add X to that, and if it falls above, then you subtract this much, and then you eventually get this kind of zigzag within a maximum and minimum, and that's supposed to lead you to whatever the distances that has been traveled or whatever is trying to be modeled.

They're giving you instructions, you know, this is the maximum, this is the minimum, you add X to that, and if it falls above, then you subtract this much, and then you eventually get this kind of zigzag within a maximum and minimum, and that's supposed to lead you to whatever the distances that has been traveled or whatever is trying to be modeled.

They're giving you instructions, you know, this is the maximum, this is the minimum, you add X to that, and if it falls above, then you subtract this much, and then you eventually get this kind of zigzag within a maximum and minimum, and that's supposed to lead you to whatever the distances that has been traveled or whatever is trying to be modeled.

So there's a wonderful example as well of a procedure text for Jupiter, for the planet Jupiter, that is giving instructions for calculating the distance traveled by Jupiter over 60 days. And it basically models this, and this is all described with words and, of course, numbers, but it's not a flat-out equation like you would have in a math textbook today.

So there's a wonderful example as well of a procedure text for Jupiter, for the planet Jupiter, that is giving instructions for calculating the distance traveled by Jupiter over 60 days. And it basically models this, and this is all described with words and, of course, numbers, but it's not a flat-out equation like you would have in a math textbook today.

So there's a wonderful example as well of a procedure text for Jupiter, for the planet Jupiter, that is giving instructions for calculating the distance traveled by Jupiter over 60 days. And it basically models this, and this is all described with words and, of course, numbers, but it's not a flat-out equation like you would have in a math textbook today.

of modeling that distance as two trapezoids. But the trapezoids aren't in real space. They're in abstract mathematical space. And then the area of these trapezoids is the distance traveled by Jupiter. So it's a highly geometric and I think almost like a precursor to calculus method that's being applied to calculate how far Jupiter has traveled.

of modeling that distance as two trapezoids. But the trapezoids aren't in real space. They're in abstract mathematical space. And then the area of these trapezoids is the distance traveled by Jupiter. So it's a highly geometric and I think almost like a precursor to calculus method that's being applied to calculate how far Jupiter has traveled.

of modeling that distance as two trapezoids. But the trapezoids aren't in real space. They're in abstract mathematical space. And then the area of these trapezoids is the distance traveled by Jupiter. So it's a highly geometric and I think almost like a precursor to calculus method that's being applied to calculate how far Jupiter has traveled.

Not actually how far Jupiter the planet has traveled, but how far in their vision it has traveled.