Dr Natalie Crawford

In non-oral, we're looking at through the skin or through the mucosa.

So mucosa could be under the tongue.

It could be in the vagina.

So mucosa is like the gastrointestinal tract is lined with mucosa, and it's a nice way to absorb and in the rectum to absorb medication.

We don't have a rectal form of estrogen yet.

And then there's also injectables.

You can inject it straight into the muscle or subcutaneous tissues.

So most commercially available, like FDA approved, we're looking at a ring for the mucosa.

We're looking at a patch for transdermal, or we're looking at pills for oral.

Yes.

So I am on a patch.

And I'm not a great absorber through my skin.

And I couldn't get my estradiol levels high enough where studies are looking like the best bone protection is.

So I've added about a half milligram of oral estradiol at night.

I'm on oral micronized progesterone, which is probably the best way to get it into our system, and I tolerate progesterone very well.

And testosterone, I am on a gel that is FDA-approved.

I'm borrowing the men's version because we don't have an FDA-approved version in this country for women.

I don't think anywhere.

I borrow my husband's.

Australia.