Dr. Ndidiya Maka Amutah-Onukagha

We know that that increases the risk of people not being able to get to care, particularly if it's a high risk pregnancy. So this is just a bad series of events, policy decisions, racism, health care access, proximity to providers, lack of highly trained, skilled providers in rural parts of the state.

We know that that increases the risk of people not being able to get to care, particularly if it's a high risk pregnancy. So this is just a bad series of events, policy decisions, racism, health care access, proximity to providers, lack of highly trained, skilled providers in rural parts of the state.

We know that that increases the risk of people not being able to get to care, particularly if it's a high risk pregnancy. So this is just a bad series of events, policy decisions, racism, health care access, proximity to providers, lack of highly trained, skilled providers in rural parts of the state.

All of those things cumulatively are why we're seeing the higher rates that we're seeing in Texas and other parts of the country.

All of those things cumulatively are why we're seeing the higher rates that we're seeing in Texas and other parts of the country.

All of those things cumulatively are why we're seeing the higher rates that we're seeing in Texas and other parts of the country.

You touch on something that I just want to illuminate, which is the field of obstetrics and gynecology, how clinicians are trained. I think if you ask the average first or second year medical student, do you think people of color, Black people have thicker layers of skin, have higher pain thresholds, all these types of questions, they'll tell you yes, which we know is not accurate.

You touch on something that I just want to illuminate, which is the field of obstetrics and gynecology, how clinicians are trained. I think if you ask the average first or second year medical student, do you think people of color, Black people have thicker layers of skin, have higher pain thresholds, all these types of questions, they'll tell you yes, which we know is not accurate.

You touch on something that I just want to illuminate, which is the field of obstetrics and gynecology, how clinicians are trained. I think if you ask the average first or second year medical student, do you think people of color, Black people have thicker layers of skin, have higher pain thresholds, all these types of questions, they'll tell you yes, which we know is not accurate.

But when they're being trained in racist ideologies, up until recently, the person that was considered the godfather of obstetrics and gynecology was an inhumane, racist criminal who essentially perfected his surgical techniques on the bodies of Black enslaved women without anesthesia, without consent. There were up to 12 women that he did these things to.

But when they're being trained in racist ideologies, up until recently, the person that was considered the godfather of obstetrics and gynecology was an inhumane, racist criminal who essentially perfected his surgical techniques on the bodies of Black enslaved women without anesthesia, without consent. There were up to 12 women that he did these things to.

But when they're being trained in racist ideologies, up until recently, the person that was considered the godfather of obstetrics and gynecology was an inhumane, racist criminal who essentially perfected his surgical techniques on the bodies of Black enslaved women without anesthesia, without consent. There were up to 12 women that he did these things to.

We only know three of their names, Lucy, Betsy, and Anarka. J. Ramsey perfected these techniques, how to repair fistula, how to perfect the C-section, how to create a speculum. All these techniques and procedures were perfected on the bodies of Black enslaved women with no pain medicine, no consent. This is the history of obstetrician gynecology in this country.

We only know three of their names, Lucy, Betsy, and Anarka. J. Ramsey perfected these techniques, how to repair fistula, how to perfect the C-section, how to create a speculum. All these techniques and procedures were perfected on the bodies of Black enslaved women with no pain medicine, no consent. This is the history of obstetrician gynecology in this country.

We only know three of their names, Lucy, Betsy, and Anarka. J. Ramsey perfected these techniques, how to repair fistula, how to perfect the C-section, how to create a speculum. All these techniques and procedures were perfected on the bodies of Black enslaved women with no pain medicine, no consent. This is the history of obstetrician gynecology in this country.

So clinicians who are trained in these racist ideologies will perpetuate them, particularly for clinicians who may not come from diverse communities, may not have a lot of overlap and interaction with people of color, may not be comfortable in those spaces, may have preconceived notions, may have racist and biased stereotypes, gender stereotypes.

So clinicians who are trained in these racist ideologies will perpetuate them, particularly for clinicians who may not come from diverse communities, may not have a lot of overlap and interaction with people of color, may not be comfortable in those spaces, may have preconceived notions, may have racist and biased stereotypes, gender stereotypes.

So clinicians who are trained in these racist ideologies will perpetuate them, particularly for clinicians who may not come from diverse communities, may not have a lot of overlap and interaction with people of color, may not be comfortable in those spaces, may have preconceived notions, may have racist and biased stereotypes, gender stereotypes.

These things all exacerbate the ability to deliver information. quality and timely care to birthing people of color. You know, it's very problematic that these things exist. And frankly, if you talk to most OBGYNs today, they'll tell you that's the history, but all of us are not doing it now. Up until pretty recently, people thought J. Ram Sims was a There's an algorithm called the VBAC.

These things all exacerbate the ability to deliver information. quality and timely care to birthing people of color. You know, it's very problematic that these things exist. And frankly, if you talk to most OBGYNs today, they'll tell you that's the history, but all of us are not doing it now. Up until pretty recently, people thought J. Ram Sims was a There's an algorithm called the VBAC.