Dr. Nicole Bedera

was setting a schedule of times when the victim and perpetrator would be able to go to the library without seeing each other.

I'll use a real example from the book.

There was a survivor and a perpetrator that were in the same music class.

They had to access specific musical scores in the library as part of their education.

And one of the things that was happening to the survivor was that the perpetrator kept taking the time slots

right around when she would be there so that he had an excuse to intimidate her and to threaten her and stalk her on campus one of the things she looked for from her university was to say we need a buffer where either i'm gonna go really early and he's gonna go really late or i'm gonna go really late and he's gonna go really early and that's something that the school said was too punitive for the perpetrator

So what it's turned into is a lot of fuzziness.

If your school says that they're going to conduct an informal resolution around your sexual violence case, you have no idea what's even on the table for you.

At least at Western University, what that usually meant was that the school shuffled around a lot of paperwork before doing nothing, which is exactly what they were doing before the Obama administration stepped in and tried to curb the practice.

When I'm thinking about the informal resolutions that I heard about in my research for the book, the one with the most teeth was a voluntary training where someone from the Title IX office had a PowerPoint where they read the definitions of sexual violence and sexual harassment to a workplace.

And because it was a voluntary training, it was overwhelmingly attended by the survivor and her friends and colleagues.

I only heard of one training like that that a perpetrator attended and the survivor said that he was on his email the whole time.

He wasn't paying attention.

He was making little snotty comments.

So these are not effective educational remedies.

It's a hard truth people don't want to hear.

We don't have an effective educational remedy to change perpetrators behavior.

And so a lot of schools are promising that.

But when they're following their own internal rules, which are not shared with the rest of us, what we find is that they end up really doing nothing versus a formal investigation is what you think of.

When you report a sexual assault where somebody is going to ask you what happened, they'll take a witness statement.