Dr. Peter Attia

And your engine efficiency, which was your zone two, your fat oxidation, exceptional. We do have this issue on the chassis that needs to be addressed or you're going to get a repetitive strain injury. So then the next thing that the team did was just a very simple test called the DEXA scan, but we do a more comprehensive one.

And your engine efficiency, which was your zone two, your fat oxidation, exceptional. We do have this issue on the chassis that needs to be addressed or you're going to get a repetitive strain injury. So then the next thing that the team did was just a very simple test called the DEXA scan, but we do a more comprehensive one.

So we're looking at all the bone density, left hip, right hip, lumbar spine, and then total body fat, total muscle mass, and then visceral fat, which is fat around the organs. I think the most surprising aspect of the test was your bone density.

So we're looking at all the bone density, left hip, right hip, lumbar spine, and then total body fat, total muscle mass, and then visceral fat, which is fat around the organs. I think the most surprising aspect of the test was your bone density.

So a DEXA scan measures bone density very accurately and both sort of across the board in terms of your lumbar spine and your right hip and your left hip, you were in your lumbar spine two standard deviations below the mean. for someone your age. So that means basically you're in the bottom 10 percentile of bone density for a guy your age. And for your hips, you're not much better.

So a DEXA scan measures bone density very accurately and both sort of across the board in terms of your lumbar spine and your right hip and your left hip, you were in your lumbar spine two standard deviations below the mean. for someone your age. So that means basically you're in the bottom 10 percentile of bone density for a guy your age. And for your hips, you're not much better.

Both on the left and right hip, you're about 1.5 to 1.7 standard deviations below the mean. So what does that mean? That means that you already have something called osteoporosis. So when your T score, which in your case is almost the same as your Z score because of your age, but the Z score compares you to someone your age, the T score compares you to someone 30 years old.

Both on the left and right hip, you're about 1.5 to 1.7 standard deviations below the mean. So what does that mean? That means that you already have something called osteoporosis. So when your T score, which in your case is almost the same as your Z score because of your age, but the Z score compares you to someone your age, the T score compares you to someone 30 years old.

So when your T score is minus one, you have osteopenia. And when it gets below minus 2.5, you have osteoporosis. Those are just technical definitions of bone density. The problem is your risk of bone fracture goes up really significantly. Now, because of how young you are, it's not like I'm worried you're going to walk out of here and something's going to go wrong.

So when your T score is minus one, you have osteopenia. And when it gets below minus 2.5, you have osteoporosis. Those are just technical definitions of bone density. The problem is your risk of bone fracture goes up really significantly. Now, because of how young you are, it's not like I'm worried you're going to walk out of here and something's going to go wrong.

But the risk of you sustaining an injury in sport is not trivial, right? So if you were out skiing, and Steven was out skiing, assuming he had normal bone density, and you guys both took a tumble, I would be infinitely more worried about your bone density. And we have patients in our practice who do.

But the risk of you sustaining an injury in sport is not trivial, right? So if you were out skiing, and Steven was out skiing, assuming he had normal bone density, and you guys both took a tumble, I would be infinitely more worried about your bone density. And we have patients in our practice who do.

They're young, healthy people, and they get these freakish fractures while skiing or playing sports and things like that. And they have really low bone density. So it's just something we want to address. The bigger concern is that what is the story of this going to be when you're 60 and 65 and 70? And that's the one where we really want to mitigate it.

They're young, healthy people, and they get these freakish fractures while skiing or playing sports and things like that. And they have really low bone density. So it's just something we want to address. The bigger concern is that what is the story of this going to be when you're 60 and 65 and 70? And that's the one where we really want to mitigate it.

So I know that the team talked to you about making sure you follow up with an endocrinologist. You want to make sure that there's nothing here that is medically obvious to be treated such as vitamin D deficiency, anything that has to do with parathyroid hormone or calcium and things that are medically obvious to treat.

So I know that the team talked to you about making sure you follow up with an endocrinologist. You want to make sure that there's nothing here that is medically obvious to be treated such as vitamin D deficiency, anything that has to do with parathyroid hormone or calcium and things that are medically obvious to treat.

The most important behavioral thing that a person can do with low bone density beyond correcting all the nutritional deficiencies that can lead to it is applying heavy load to the bone. So bones are active pieces of tissue, even though we don't think of them that way, and they respond to deformation. So you have to put strain into a bone for it to respond and strengthen. And it's counterintuitive

The most important behavioral thing that a person can do with low bone density beyond correcting all the nutritional deficiencies that can lead to it is applying heavy load to the bone. So bones are active pieces of tissue, even though we don't think of them that way, and they respond to deformation. So you have to put strain into a bone for it to respond and strengthen. And it's counterintuitive

that running is not amazing at doing that. It's not bad. So in general, runners have better bone density than sedentary people, but not by much, believe it or not. Swimmers and cyclists, believe it or not, actually have lower bone density on average. But resistance training with heavy weights is actually kind of what is necessary. Grappling as well, by the way.

that running is not amazing at doing that. It's not bad. So in general, runners have better bone density than sedentary people, but not by much, believe it or not. Swimmers and cyclists, believe it or not, actually have lower bone density on average. But resistance training with heavy weights is actually kind of what is necessary. Grappling as well, by the way.