Dr. Sagen Zac-Varghese

Probably not.

Probably not.

And we're probably not getting enough vitamin D. So to make enough vitamin D, you need about 10 to 15 minutes in the sun between around April and September if you have Caucasian skin.

And if you have non-Caucasian skin, it's about 30 to 40 minutes a day.

But I think a lot of us don't get that time out in the sun.

Unless you work outside, a lot of people are sat inside.

Most people I see in my clinic are vitamin D deficient.

I think if you are able to get more sun, that's good.

But most people can't achieve that because of their work or just because of life.

And those people might well need a vitamin D supplement.

We may not be getting enough calcium in our diets.

Dairy is one of the commonest sources of dietary calcium.

So dairy is important, but a lot of people don't eat dairy.

So if you don't eat dairy, or for example, if you have a vegan diet...

then you may well not have enough calcium or vitamin D or B vitamins in your diet and you may well need fortified foods or supplements.

So dairy, definitely dairy is the top food because that has the calcium and protein which you need for healthy bones.

Tofu, eggs, fish, meat, some nuts and seeds, these all have calcium.

Yeah, there's definitely a variation in calcium intake in different countries and calcium being derived from different sources of calcium.

There's things we probably don't understand as well and things that we're still learning about in terms of vitamin D and vitamin D binding proteins.

That enables us, wherever we are in the world, to make sure we've got enough calcium to be alive and to mineralize our bones.