Dr. Sam Wilkinson

And a lot of this work has been discovered by a well-known and well-regarded scientist named Simon Conway Morris. And he has noticed there are these patterns that have emerged where you have different features and functions that have developed independently over and over and over again so that you see that there are these

And a lot of this work has been discovered by a well-known and well-regarded scientist named Simon Conway Morris. And he has noticed there are these patterns that have emerged where you have different features and functions that have developed independently over and over and over again so that you see that there are these

And a lot of this work has been discovered by a well-known and well-regarded scientist named Simon Conway Morris. And he has noticed there are these patterns that have emerged where you have different features and functions that have developed independently over and over and over again so that you see that there are these

Maybe higher order principles that have constrained or guided the process to go in certain directions and not others. So I'll give an example, birds and bats and butterflies. They all have wings and they're all slightly different, but They all independently developed the wings.

Maybe higher order principles that have constrained or guided the process to go in certain directions and not others. So I'll give an example, birds and bats and butterflies. They all have wings and they're all slightly different, but They all independently developed the wings.

Maybe higher order principles that have constrained or guided the process to go in certain directions and not others. So I'll give an example, birds and bats and butterflies. They all have wings and they're all slightly different, but They all independently developed the wings.

And this has happened about a half dozen times, maybe a little more, a little less, that organisms have independently developed the capacity for flight. There's another famous example is eyes. So eyes have developed independently about 50 different times. Humans have pretty much the same exact type of eyes as an octopus.

And this has happened about a half dozen times, maybe a little more, a little less, that organisms have independently developed the capacity for flight. There's another famous example is eyes. So eyes have developed independently about 50 different times. Humans have pretty much the same exact type of eyes as an octopus.

And this has happened about a half dozen times, maybe a little more, a little less, that organisms have independently developed the capacity for flight. There's another famous example is eyes. So eyes have developed independently about 50 different times. Humans have pretty much the same exact type of eyes as an octopus.

or squid, but our eyes, they independently develop these remarkably identical structures, despite the fact that they were not that closely related. A dolphin and a shark look very similar, but they're really not that closely related. They each develop this similar body form independently. So over and over again, this notion that there are

or squid, but our eyes, they independently develop these remarkably identical structures, despite the fact that they were not that closely related. A dolphin and a shark look very similar, but they're really not that closely related. They each develop this similar body form independently. So over and over again, this notion that there are

or squid, but our eyes, they independently develop these remarkably identical structures, despite the fact that they were not that closely related. A dolphin and a shark look very similar, but they're really not that closely related. They each develop this similar body form independently. So over and over again, this notion that there are

There's something that is guiding evolution to go in certain ways and not others. Now, a big part of this is what is helpful for survival or this principle of natural selection. But there's something in addition to that seems to lead the process to go in one direction and not a host of others.

There's something that is guiding evolution to go in certain ways and not others. Now, a big part of this is what is helpful for survival or this principle of natural selection. But there's something in addition to that seems to lead the process to go in one direction and not a host of others.

There's something that is guiding evolution to go in certain ways and not others. Now, a big part of this is what is helpful for survival or this principle of natural selection. But there's something in addition to that seems to lead the process to go in one direction and not a host of others.

So there may be some randomness going on, but it's a much, much smaller piece of the puzzle than I think we originally understood.

So there may be some randomness going on, but it's a much, much smaller piece of the puzzle than I think we originally understood.

So there may be some randomness going on, but it's a much, much smaller piece of the puzzle than I think we originally understood.

Well, I think a lot of it has to do with the blessings, but also the curses of technology. We have

Well, I think a lot of it has to do with the blessings, but also the curses of technology. We have