Dr. Sanjay Gupta

So, you know, it's as important as respirations and heart rate and all these other things.

When you go into the emergency room, people would be asked about their pain.

They came in for a cold, you know, so pain just became something that everyone was super focused on.

And I think it led to a lot of treatment when treatment wasn't always necessary.

I don't want that to come off non-empathetic.

I'm really, really empathetic to people's pain.

But at the same time, can we say we've over-treated it?

We've over-operated on it.

And we even do things culturally that don't happen in other places around the world.

The data suggests very much that's the case.

I think there's two sort of broad areas that I'm really excited about.

One is high-tech, innovative work that is happening, which as a neuroscientist was really mind-blowing for me.

And I've been in this world for 25 years, so I learned a lot.

But I think the second thing is

Because opioids sort of sucked up all the oxygen in the room for 25 years, you got opioids for everything.

Kidney stone, dental procedure, hip fracture, everything was treated with an opioid.

As a result, all these other modalities, some of which are not new, some of which are quite old actually, got short shrift.

They just were not utilized for things.

What are some of those modalities?

So...