Dr. Sergiu Pașcă

You know, my mantra that somebody really has when you explain even to the general public that, you know, they have zero knowledge and yet, you know, infinite intelligence.

Right.

I think as the saying goes in science.

So I think there are always ways of explaining science very simply, but also communicating that science changes over time.

There are new understandings that are correcting the science.

And we've seen this, of course, in medicine.

We've sadly seen it in psychiatry many, many times by labeling, relabeling, doing treatments that perhaps were not the most fortunate over time.

But I think it's important to tell the public that we're always trying to move towards.

I think most physicians that I know, most psychiatrists that I know, are really motivated by really trying to make their patient better.

No, it is absolutely not too early, actually.

The right time to think about this is as experiments are actually being planned, not when experiments have been done.

Good point.

And that's what we've been doing.

And that's why, actually, all experiments that we do undergo ethical approval at Stanford.

And I think...

at most major institutions, right, and certainly in the United States, you have to first propose what you're going to do, especially with pluripotent stem cells and especially with animals.

And a committee, you know, will decide whether that is acceptable or not.

Now, of course, there are experiments that perhaps are not necessarily illegal, but, you know, when you try to break a new frontier.

But I think what is important to think about, like this process of transplanting or transplantation, that you take cells and you put them either

in another individual or another species, is that what really matters a lot, we've learned now, is the timing, when you actually transplant those cells.