Dr. Shashi Tharoor

It was ruthlessly suppressed. The British butchered 150,000 civilians in Delhi alone in putting down that revolt. And then they adopted a conscious policy of divide and rule. And divide and rule meant that when the Indian National Congress was established,

as a representative body of Indian nationalist, in those days, very decorous Indian nationalist agitation for rights and political rights in India against the British, the British actually paid to establish a rival Muslim organization called the Muslim League in order to undermine the Indian National Congress.

as a representative body of Indian nationalist, in those days, very decorous Indian nationalist agitation for rights and political rights in India against the British, the British actually paid to establish a rival Muslim organization called the Muslim League in order to undermine the Indian National Congress.

as a representative body of Indian nationalist, in those days, very decorous Indian nationalist agitation for rights and political rights in India against the British, the British actually paid to establish a rival Muslim organization called the Muslim League in order to undermine the Indian National Congress.

Finally, partition happened and Pakistan was carved out of the stooped shoulders of India by the departing British in 1947. And ever since, it has had to justify its existence as a separate country by an increasingly belligerent Islamism.

Finally, partition happened and Pakistan was carved out of the stooped shoulders of India by the departing British in 1947. And ever since, it has had to justify its existence as a separate country by an increasingly belligerent Islamism.

Finally, partition happened and Pakistan was carved out of the stooped shoulders of India by the departing British in 1947. And ever since, it has had to justify its existence as a separate country by an increasingly belligerent Islamism.

This is why Pakistan was not only the source of these horrific attacks, such as the 2611 attack to which you alluded, the butchery of 166 innocent people in Mumbai in 2008, or the earlier attacks on the Indian parliament, the invasion of Kargil and so on. But Pakistan was also the place

This is why Pakistan was not only the source of these horrific attacks, such as the 2611 attack to which you alluded, the butchery of 166 innocent people in Mumbai in 2008, or the earlier attacks on the Indian parliament, the invasion of Kargil and so on. But Pakistan was also the place

This is why Pakistan was not only the source of these horrific attacks, such as the 2611 attack to which you alluded, the butchery of 166 innocent people in Mumbai in 2008, or the earlier attacks on the Indian parliament, the invasion of Kargil and so on. But Pakistan was also the place

that sheltered and protected Osama bin Laden for many years until, as you know, he was found living in a safe house right near a Pakistani army encampment. This is Pakistan's history. It is a country that has unfortunately armed, trained, equipped, guided and directed terrorism from its soil for decades as an instrument of state policy.

that sheltered and protected Osama bin Laden for many years until, as you know, he was found living in a safe house right near a Pakistani army encampment. This is Pakistan's history. It is a country that has unfortunately armed, trained, equipped, guided and directed terrorism from its soil for decades as an instrument of state policy.

that sheltered and protected Osama bin Laden for many years until, as you know, he was found living in a safe house right near a Pakistani army encampment. This is Pakistan's history. It is a country that has unfortunately armed, trained, equipped, guided and directed terrorism from its soil for decades as an instrument of state policy.

It is a malcontented state that wants territory that India controls and that it can't have. It is a bigoted state that believes that all Muslims belong to it and that the first loyalty of Muslims even in India should be to Pakistan, which I'm sorry is never going to be the case.

It is a malcontented state that wants territory that India controls and that it can't have. It is a bigoted state that believes that all Muslims belong to it and that the first loyalty of Muslims even in India should be to Pakistan, which I'm sorry is never going to be the case.

It is a malcontented state that wants territory that India controls and that it can't have. It is a bigoted state that believes that all Muslims belong to it and that the first loyalty of Muslims even in India should be to Pakistan, which I'm sorry is never going to be the case.

It was very striking that one of the daily briefings that were being done by the Indian military featured an Indian woman colonel who was a Muslim. It was a very powerful message that India stood united. It was not about Hindu-Muslim. It was all about India standing united against terror. Pakistan doesn't understand that because their state is built on a totally different set of premises.

It was very striking that one of the daily briefings that were being done by the Indian military featured an Indian woman colonel who was a Muslim. It was a very powerful message that India stood united. It was not about Hindu-Muslim. It was all about India standing united against terror. Pakistan doesn't understand that because their state is built on a totally different set of premises.

It was very striking that one of the daily briefings that were being done by the Indian military featured an Indian woman colonel who was a Muslim. It was a very powerful message that India stood united. It was not about Hindu-Muslim. It was all about India standing united against terror. Pakistan doesn't understand that because their state is built on a totally different set of premises.

It's also, to paraphrase Voltaire on Prussia, a situation where India is a state that has an army. Pakistan is an army that has a state. And that army really controls the state, runs the state, controls the largest share of that country's GDP and governmental budget, larger than any army of any country in the world controls of its GDP and national budget.