Dr. Suzanne Merrill

These studies, these randomized studies, multi-center perspective in nature that really set this optical imaging agent up for FDA approval and use today didn't really sort out the variant histology, if you will. What we know is that certainly it does get picked up more by more aggressive type lesions like CIS, but can certainly still be used in the low-grade setting.

And as you mentioned, in our superficial bladder cancer, the mixed-grade heterogeneity is up to 30%. And so it's just very important to be able to ensure that we're capturing heterogeneity if you will, the truth about what is in a patient's bladder. Because, for example, with our intermediate risk category of the AUA, that contains patients that are low-grade, okay, as well as high-grade patients.

And as you mentioned, in our superficial bladder cancer, the mixed-grade heterogeneity is up to 30%. And so it's just very important to be able to ensure that we're capturing heterogeneity if you will, the truth about what is in a patient's bladder. Because, for example, with our intermediate risk category of the AUA, that contains patients that are low-grade, okay, as well as high-grade patients.

And as you mentioned, in our superficial bladder cancer, the mixed-grade heterogeneity is up to 30%. And so it's just very important to be able to ensure that we're capturing heterogeneity if you will, the truth about what is in a patient's bladder. Because, for example, with our intermediate risk category of the AUA, that contains patients that are low-grade, okay, as well as high-grade patients.

But the recommendations for patients that fall in that intermediate risk category is that the provider, you know, should consider intervesicle therapy. Or excuse me, it says it just should consider intervesicle. it doesn't actually recommend as strongly as if you're in the high-risk category to give intervesical therapy.

But the recommendations for patients that fall in that intermediate risk category is that the provider, you know, should consider intervesicle therapy. Or excuse me, it says it just should consider intervesicle. it doesn't actually recommend as strongly as if you're in the high-risk category to give intervesical therapy.

But the recommendations for patients that fall in that intermediate risk category is that the provider, you know, should consider intervesicle therapy. Or excuse me, it says it just should consider intervesicle. it doesn't actually recommend as strongly as if you're in the high-risk category to give intervesical therapy.

So it kind of leaves it up to the provider as to whether that patient should go on further with intervesical treatment or not. And the problem with that, if we've misclassified a patient

So it kind of leaves it up to the provider as to whether that patient should go on further with intervesical treatment or not. And the problem with that, if we've misclassified a patient

So it kind of leaves it up to the provider as to whether that patient should go on further with intervesical treatment or not. And the problem with that, if we've misclassified a patient

and they actually, for example, have a CIS lesion that we missed, or it was a predominantly low-grade papillary lesion that was visualized, but yet you miss that one smaller high-grade lesion sitting in the back of the bladder, smaller, then that patient might not be placed into the right risk category and therefore not receive the appropriate intervesical treatment going forward.

and they actually, for example, have a CIS lesion that we missed, or it was a predominantly low-grade papillary lesion that was visualized, but yet you miss that one smaller high-grade lesion sitting in the back of the bladder, smaller, then that patient might not be placed into the right risk category and therefore not receive the appropriate intervesical treatment going forward.

and they actually, for example, have a CIS lesion that we missed, or it was a predominantly low-grade papillary lesion that was visualized, but yet you miss that one smaller high-grade lesion sitting in the back of the bladder, smaller, then that patient might not be placed into the right risk category and therefore not receive the appropriate intervesical treatment going forward.

No. Very good point. You're right. It is actually 5% is only what is needed within the total specimen volume to deem that patient now is high grade.

No. Very good point. You're right. It is actually 5% is only what is needed within the total specimen volume to deem that patient now is high grade.

No. Very good point. You're right. It is actually 5% is only what is needed within the total specimen volume to deem that patient now is high grade.

Yeah, remarkable. Definitely. And, you know, I think that gets at the point, too, when we talk about the logistics of using this technology is that you do want to use technology.

Yeah, remarkable. Definitely. And, you know, I think that gets at the point, too, when we talk about the logistics of using this technology is that you do want to use technology.

Yeah, remarkable. Definitely. And, you know, I think that gets at the point, too, when we talk about the logistics of using this technology is that you do want to use technology.

both white light and blue light together, that you really should kind of not, you know, kind of only resect under blue light, for example, that you do want to use both kind of information gained from when you're doing your cystoscopy under white light, as well as the information gained under blue light. And that's where you're going to get the best accuracy.