Dr. Tony Wyss-Coray

seem to be targets of these young factors, which sort of proves what we originally described, but now in an unbiased way, we look at everything and we ask, what are the major effects?

And then what you also see that some organelles such as mitochondria, these are the energy producer units in inside cells, they are key targets of these rejuvenating effects.

So it all makes sense based on what we know from the aging field, what we know from stem cells and maintenance of stem cells.

But pinpointing which factor you would need to have this rejuvenating effect or which one you have to block has been extremely challenging because you almost have to go into the organism and then rejuvenate.

We call this CRISPR tools, where you can knock out one gene after another and ask which one is the important one.

We can't really do this easily in vivo yet, but that's almost what we need to do.

So unfortunately, in the past 10 years, there's individual factors that people keep describing, but...

I think we have not really come up with a good method to integrate multiple different factors that could provide or serve an amplified benefit and mimic what nature is doing.

Should I be banking my blood?

You don't have to.

Because what we find, even though there's clear differences from one person to another, overall,

If you have the blood of a young person, that blood has overall a similar concentration from another young person, and it would still be beneficial to you.

So all the blood that we ever used in our studies was always a pool from multiple individuals, and that still has the beneficial effect.

So for these type of studies, you would not have to bank your own blood.

Yeah, sort of in retrospect, I think where they came from is

Maybe more that people realize that blood is this essential fluid.

If you get a cut and you bleed too much, you're dead, right?

But then maybe also associated it with...

with age or youthfulness.

I don't know exactly how.