Dr. William Marsh

There's no evidence of any interaction between the humans.

They're completely different.

Different area, different genetically, but they have exactly the same dogs.

And we were looking at how to actually... That was a big question for about a month.

How on earth did they get there?

What we're thinking now is that this sort of third culture, the Epigavetian, who we find in the Balkan region and Italian region, they begin to spread northwards after the Megalanians have spread.

You see evidence of dogs with this group, this Epigretian group, at sites in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany.

You actually see the Epigretian coming into the UK at about 14,000 years ago, 14,000, 45,000 years ago.

So the Gosgabe is really the example of the last Magdalenian assemblage in the UK.

And then after that, the Epigavetian ancestry and Lithic culture.

And their culture spreads across the UK.

And it was this expansion, which starts around 16,000 years ago, which we believe perhaps spread these dogs across the region.

Because although at Goff's Cave we don't see any evidence of the Epigavitian, at Pidabasha, in the Anatolian hunter-gatherers, they show evidence of gene flow between the humans.

So there is evidence of connectivity in Epigavitian culture and the Anatolian hunter-gatherer culture.

Goff's Cave is a little bit more complicated, but the fact that we have Epigavitians 800 years later in the UK.

makes me think that the dogs were being spread by these Epiglethians and that somehow these Magellanians got these dogs.

How they did that, again, that's one for the anthropologists, but we almost certainly think that, yeah, that's our current best working hypothesis.

Yeah, that is exactly the sort of information we can start to glean.

And I think what is interesting is the fact that these cultures almost didn't have dogs beforehand, but they've obviously seen the utility of these dogs and then they've incorporated them into their cultural behavior.

Whereas in sort of later periods, the Mesolithic, the Neolithic, when a dog moves or when a human moves, a dog moves.