Dr. Zosia Archibald

So it may be that the stories that we find in written poems, such as Homer, do reflect something about that Bronze Age background. But the poems themselves reflect a later period, the early first millennium BC, when we find ships travelling regularly up to the north, mainly merchant ships. And the frequency of these visits seems to be what generates the stories. So once these become regular,

forms of traffic, then we get these stories emerging. And they're connected with the difficult journeys right up into the Black Sea. So, you know, the Argonautic legends are very much part of that background.

forms of traffic, then we get these stories emerging. And they're connected with the difficult journeys right up into the Black Sea. So, you know, the Argonautic legends are very much part of that background.

forms of traffic, then we get these stories emerging. And they're connected with the difficult journeys right up into the Black Sea. So, you know, the Argonautic legends are very much part of that background.

because it's connected to the stopping-off points along the North Aegean coast, as well as the difficulties of actually penetrating the dangerous waters of the Bosporus Basin.

because it's connected to the stopping-off points along the North Aegean coast, as well as the difficulties of actually penetrating the dangerous waters of the Bosporus Basin.

because it's connected to the stopping-off points along the North Aegean coast, as well as the difficulties of actually penetrating the dangerous waters of the Bosporus Basin.

I think part of the problem with this question is that we use a few small statements that in a small number of writers and big them up. And then we think that that's reality. But the warlike aspect of Thracians that comes across, it's a very strong subtext, is partly connected to people who are thought of as a bit dangerous, actually quite powerful. You need to take them seriously.

I think part of the problem with this question is that we use a few small statements that in a small number of writers and big them up. And then we think that that's reality. But the warlike aspect of Thracians that comes across, it's a very strong subtext, is partly connected to people who are thought of as a bit dangerous, actually quite powerful. You need to take them seriously.

I think part of the problem with this question is that we use a few small statements that in a small number of writers and big them up. And then we think that that's reality. But the warlike aspect of Thracians that comes across, it's a very strong subtext, is partly connected to people who are thought of as a bit dangerous, actually quite powerful. You need to take them seriously.

And much of that sense of war-likeness is reflected in the journey that Xenophon, the historian, made to become a mercenary of the prince Seuthes and spend about a month or so as a mercenary with some of his fellow Greeks who were trying to get back to Greece from Asia Minor.

And much of that sense of war-likeness is reflected in the journey that Xenophon, the historian, made to become a mercenary of the prince Seuthes and spend about a month or so as a mercenary with some of his fellow Greeks who were trying to get back to Greece from Asia Minor.

And much of that sense of war-likeness is reflected in the journey that Xenophon, the historian, made to become a mercenary of the prince Seuthes and spend about a month or so as a mercenary with some of his fellow Greeks who were trying to get back to Greece from Asia Minor.

Yes, yes. Seuthes, who appears in Xenophon's Anabasis, where Xenophon recalls how the Greeks, after being defeated by the Persian prince who managed to defeat his brother Cyrus, all the supporters of Cyrus had to somehow get away. Some of them were

Yes, yes. Seuthes, who appears in Xenophon's Anabasis, where Xenophon recalls how the Greeks, after being defeated by the Persian prince who managed to defeat his brother Cyrus, all the supporters of Cyrus had to somehow get away. Some of them were

Yes, yes. Seuthes, who appears in Xenophon's Anabasis, where Xenophon recalls how the Greeks, after being defeated by the Persian prince who managed to defeat his brother Cyrus, all the supporters of Cyrus had to somehow get away. Some of them were

killed but some of them got away and Xenophon was one of them and he tells us all about their adventures trying to get back to Greece and on the final leg of their journey They try and get across to Byzantium, and the Spartan governor of Byzantium doesn't want to know them. He wants them to get away. So this is 400 BC, and Xenophon and his chaps decide, well, we can't get back to Greece yet.

killed but some of them got away and Xenophon was one of them and he tells us all about their adventures trying to get back to Greece and on the final leg of their journey They try and get across to Byzantium, and the Spartan governor of Byzantium doesn't want to know them. He wants them to get away. So this is 400 BC, and Xenophon and his chaps decide, well, we can't get back to Greece yet.

killed but some of them got away and Xenophon was one of them and he tells us all about their adventures trying to get back to Greece and on the final leg of their journey They try and get across to Byzantium, and the Spartan governor of Byzantium doesn't want to know them. He wants them to get away. So this is 400 BC, and Xenophon and his chaps decide, well, we can't get back to Greece yet.

We might as well make the most of this and go and fight for this prince Euthysius. defeat a few villagers using our good Greek infantry tactics and armor and get a bit of a bonus in the process. So they get paid for their services. And Xenophon is sort of in two minds about how he describes this, because on the one hand,