Edward Gibson

If you don't have that problem, the learning problem gets a lot easier.

If you don't have that problem, the learning problem gets a lot easier.

Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

Yeah. Yeah, yeah.

Yeah, just learning English. So a baby is lying around listening to the crib, listening to me talk, and how are they learning English? Or maybe it's a two-year-old who's learning interrogatives and stuff. How are they doing that? Are they doing it vocally? So Chomsky said it's impossible to figure it out, actually. He said it's actually impossible, not hard, but impossible.

Yeah, just learning English. So a baby is lying around listening to the crib, listening to me talk, and how are they learning English? Or maybe it's a two-year-old who's learning interrogatives and stuff. How are they doing that? Are they doing it vocally? So Chomsky said it's impossible to figure it out, actually. He said it's actually impossible, not hard, but impossible.

Yeah, just learning English. So a baby is lying around listening to the crib, listening to me talk, and how are they learning English? Or maybe it's a two-year-old who's learning interrogatives and stuff. How are they doing that? Are they doing it vocally? So Chomsky said it's impossible to figure it out, actually. He said it's actually impossible, not hard, but impossible.

And therefore, that's where universal grammar comes from, is that it has to be built in. And so what they're learning is that there's some built-in movement that's built in in his story. It's absolutely part of your language module. And then you are... you're just setting parameters. You're said, depending on English, it's just sort of a variant of the universal grammar.

And therefore, that's where universal grammar comes from, is that it has to be built in. And so what they're learning is that there's some built-in movement that's built in in his story. It's absolutely part of your language module. And then you are... you're just setting parameters. You're said, depending on English, it's just sort of a variant of the universal grammar.

And therefore, that's where universal grammar comes from, is that it has to be built in. And so what they're learning is that there's some built-in movement that's built in in his story. It's absolutely part of your language module. And then you are... you're just setting parameters. You're said, depending on English, it's just sort of a variant of the universal grammar.

And you're figuring out, oh, which orders does English do these things? The non-movement story doesn't have this. It's like much more bottom-up. You're learning rules. You're learning rules one by one. And, oh, this word is connected to that word. Another advantage, it's learnable. Another advantage of it is that it predicts that not all auxiliaries might move.

And you're figuring out, oh, which orders does English do these things? The non-movement story doesn't have this. It's like much more bottom-up. You're learning rules. You're learning rules one by one. And, oh, this word is connected to that word. Another advantage, it's learnable. Another advantage of it is that it predicts that not all auxiliaries might move.

And you're figuring out, oh, which orders does English do these things? The non-movement story doesn't have this. It's like much more bottom-up. You're learning rules. You're learning rules one by one. And, oh, this word is connected to that word. Another advantage, it's learnable. Another advantage of it is that it predicts that not all auxiliaries might move.

It might depend on the word, depending on whether you... And that turns out to be true. So there's words that don't really work as auxiliary. They work in declarative and not in interrogative. So I can say, I'll give you the opposite first. I can say, aren't I invited to the party? And that's an interrogative form. But it's not from, I aren't invited to the party. There is no I aren't, right?

It might depend on the word, depending on whether you... And that turns out to be true. So there's words that don't really work as auxiliary. They work in declarative and not in interrogative. So I can say, I'll give you the opposite first. I can say, aren't I invited to the party? And that's an interrogative form. But it's not from, I aren't invited to the party. There is no I aren't, right?

It might depend on the word, depending on whether you... And that turns out to be true. So there's words that don't really work as auxiliary. They work in declarative and not in interrogative. So I can say, I'll give you the opposite first. I can say, aren't I invited to the party? And that's an interrogative form. But it's not from, I aren't invited to the party. There is no I aren't, right?

So that's interrogative only. And then we also have forms like ought. I ought to do this. And I guess some old British people can say— Ought I. Exactly. It doesn't sound right, does it? For me, it sounds ridiculous. I don't even think ought is great, but I mean, I totally recognize I ought to do it. It's not too bad, actually. I can say I ought to do this. That sounds pretty good.

So that's interrogative only. And then we also have forms like ought. I ought to do this. And I guess some old British people can say— Ought I. Exactly. It doesn't sound right, does it? For me, it sounds ridiculous. I don't even think ought is great, but I mean, I totally recognize I ought to do it. It's not too bad, actually. I can say I ought to do this. That sounds pretty good.

So that's interrogative only. And then we also have forms like ought. I ought to do this. And I guess some old British people can say— Ought I. Exactly. It doesn't sound right, does it? For me, it sounds ridiculous. I don't even think ought is great, but I mean, I totally recognize I ought to do it. It's not too bad, actually. I can say I ought to do this. That sounds pretty good.