Edward Gibson

It's so much higher than any control you can think of, including you think, oh, people think, oh, technical academic text. No, people don't write center-embedded sentences in technical academic text. I mean, they do a little bit, but it's on the 20%, 30% realm as opposed to 70%. And so there's that, and there's low-frequency words. And then people, oh, maybe it's passive.

It's so much higher than any control you can think of, including you think, oh, people think, oh, technical academic text. No, people don't write center-embedded sentences in technical academic text. I mean, they do a little bit, but it's on the 20%, 30% realm as opposed to 70%. And so there's that, and there's low-frequency words. And then people, oh, maybe it's passive.

It's so much higher than any control you can think of, including you think, oh, people think, oh, technical academic text. No, people don't write center-embedded sentences in technical academic text. I mean, they do a little bit, but it's on the 20%, 30% realm as opposed to 70%. And so there's that, and there's low-frequency words. And then people, oh, maybe it's passive.

People don't like the passive. Passive, for some reason, the passive voice in English has a bad rap, and I'm not really sure where that comes from. And there is a lot of passive. There's much more passive voice in legalese than there is in other texts.

People don't like the passive. Passive, for some reason, the passive voice in English has a bad rap, and I'm not really sure where that comes from. And there is a lot of passive. There's much more passive voice in legalese than there is in other texts.

People don't like the passive. Passive, for some reason, the passive voice in English has a bad rap, and I'm not really sure where that comes from. And there is a lot of passive. There's much more passive voice in legalese than there is in other texts.

No, no, no, no. Those are separate. Those are separate.

No, no, no, no. Those are separate. Those are separate.

No, no, no, no. Those are separate. Those are separate.

Well, sucks is different. That's a judgment on passive. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Drop the judgment. It's just like, these are frequent. These are things which happen in legalese text. Then we can ask. The dependent measure is how well you understand those things with those features. And it turns out the passive makes no difference.

Well, sucks is different. That's a judgment on passive. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Drop the judgment. It's just like, these are frequent. These are things which happen in legalese text. Then we can ask. The dependent measure is how well you understand those things with those features. And it turns out the passive makes no difference.

Well, sucks is different. That's a judgment on passive. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Drop the judgment. It's just like, these are frequent. These are things which happen in legalese text. Then we can ask. The dependent measure is how well you understand those things with those features. And it turns out the passive makes no difference.

So it has a zero effect on your comprehension ability, on your recall ability. Nothing at all. It has no effect. The words matter a little bit. Low frequency words are going to hurt you in recall and understanding. But what really hurts is the center of betting. That kills you. That slows people down. That makes them very poor at understanding.

So it has a zero effect on your comprehension ability, on your recall ability. Nothing at all. It has no effect. The words matter a little bit. Low frequency words are going to hurt you in recall and understanding. But what really hurts is the center of betting. That kills you. That slows people down. That makes them very poor at understanding.

So it has a zero effect on your comprehension ability, on your recall ability. Nothing at all. It has no effect. The words matter a little bit. Low frequency words are going to hurt you in recall and understanding. But what really hurts is the center of betting. That kills you. That slows people down. That makes them very poor at understanding.

They can't recall what was said as well, nearly as well. And we did this not only on lay people. We did it on a lot of lay people. We ran it on 100 lawyers. We recruited lawyers from a wide range of... of sort of different levels of law firms and stuff. And they have the same pattern. So they also, like when they did this, I did not know what happened.

They can't recall what was said as well, nearly as well. And we did this not only on lay people. We did it on a lot of lay people. We ran it on 100 lawyers. We recruited lawyers from a wide range of... of sort of different levels of law firms and stuff. And they have the same pattern. So they also, like when they did this, I did not know what happened.

They can't recall what was said as well, nearly as well. And we did this not only on lay people. We did it on a lot of lay people. We ran it on 100 lawyers. We recruited lawyers from a wide range of... of sort of different levels of law firms and stuff. And they have the same pattern. So they also, like when they did this, I did not know what happened.

I thought maybe they could process, they're used to legalese, they can process it just as well as if it was normal. No, no, they're much better than laypeople. So they can much better recall, much better understanding, but they have the same main effects as laypeople, exactly the same. So they also much prefer the non-center. So we constructed non-center embedded versions of each of these.

I thought maybe they could process, they're used to legalese, they can process it just as well as if it was normal. No, no, they're much better than laypeople. So they can much better recall, much better understanding, but they have the same main effects as laypeople, exactly the same. So they also much prefer the non-center. So we constructed non-center embedded versions of each of these.