Eric Ravussin, Ph.D.

Yeah, he blamed it on biosphere a little bit because they were supposed to be totally independent except for light from the rest of the world, but a few times they had to purge CO2 and influx O2, but he said there was probably gases, but it was his story. I don't know how true it was, but he said that he was intoxicated by gas in the biosphere.

Yeah, he blamed it on biosphere a little bit because they were supposed to be totally independent except for light from the rest of the world, but a few times they had to purge CO2 and influx O2, but he said there was probably gases, but it was his story. I don't know how true it was, but he said that he was intoxicated by gas in the biosphere.

Yeah. Now, move almost 10 years later, Roy Walford and I don't remember the name of the investigator in San Antonio came. We brainstormed what should be the hypothesis. I was very serious. I wanted to have this grant. And we said, what are we going to test? Because if you ask Steve Orsted how many theories behind calorie restriction, he's going to tell you more than 50 or 100 and so on.

Yeah. Now, move almost 10 years later, Roy Walford and I don't remember the name of the investigator in San Antonio came. We brainstormed what should be the hypothesis. I was very serious. I wanted to have this grant. And we said, what are we going to test? Because if you ask Steve Orsted how many theories behind calorie restriction, he's going to tell you more than 50 or 100 and so on.

Myself, I was pretty convinced by two things. The rate of living theory, the higher your metabolism is, the shorter your life. And the elephant has a very low metabolism per unit of tissue compared to a shrew and all these kind of things. And the oxidative stress theories.

Myself, I was pretty convinced by two things. The rate of living theory, the higher your metabolism is, the shorter your life. And the elephant has a very low metabolism per unit of tissue compared to a shrew and all these kind of things. And the oxidative stress theories.

You can look at the Kleiber book. You have the energy metabolism.

You can look at the Kleiber book. You have the energy metabolism.

It's probably 7 or 8X. They are all on the same line.

It's probably 7 or 8X. They are all on the same line.

We brainstormed for three or four days. I have beautiful memories of this time. And we said, okay, we're going to write a grant. It was a seven-year grant. The first two years, which was you do a study, show us that you can recruit people and maintain them in calorie restriction, and they have to be not obese. They can be overweight.

We brainstormed for three or four days. I have beautiful memories of this time. And we said, okay, we're going to write a grant. It was a seven-year grant. The first two years, which was you do a study, show us that you can recruit people and maintain them in calorie restriction, and they have to be not obese. They can be overweight.

And the second is from the three chosen group, we're going to design one study and it's going to be a two-year intervention. And the first study we decided was basically to test if caloric restriction decrease your energy metabolism more than what you would expect on the basis of the body weight. And in other words, do you become more efficient? And the answer is yes.

And the second is from the three chosen group, we're going to design one study and it's going to be a two-year intervention. And the first study we decided was basically to test if caloric restriction decrease your energy metabolism more than what you would expect on the basis of the body weight. And in other words, do you become more efficient? And the answer is yes.

And we talk about metabolic adaptation. Now, this is in non-obese people here, but they become more efficient.

And we talk about metabolic adaptation. Now, this is in non-obese people here, but they become more efficient.

You're right. And when I did studies of efficiency of athletes or do they have a higher, a more efficient resting metabolic rate and therefore can have more energy for the exercise or the task that they are doing, you cannot win both sides. Like you said, you are better at controlling your weight when you are a little bit more inefficient, but you are less performant and all these kind of things.

You're right. And when I did studies of efficiency of athletes or do they have a higher, a more efficient resting metabolic rate and therefore can have more energy for the exercise or the task that they are doing, you cannot win both sides. Like you said, you are better at controlling your weight when you are a little bit more inefficient, but you are less performant and all these kind of things.

Potentially, energy efficiency can be very good for longevity, and it has been shown in some studies. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study showed that some people with lower metabolic rate were living longer. On the other hand, energy efficiency is a liability for weight gain, for example, because you are more efficient and you are more prone to weight gain.

Potentially, energy efficiency can be very good for longevity, and it has been shown in some studies. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study showed that some people with lower metabolic rate were living longer. On the other hand, energy efficiency is a liability for weight gain, for example, because you are more efficient and you are more prone to weight gain.