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I don't know about you, but I found being a teenager and, you know, going into puberty very difficult. You know, I was bullied by the mean girls, the popular girls at school and had to eat lunch by myself. And I remember having a tearful conversation with my mother and she was like, don't worry. It'll pass. You think that this is the whole world right now.

I don't know about you, but I found being a teenager and, you know, going into puberty very difficult. You know, I was bullied by the mean girls, the popular girls at school and had to eat lunch by myself. And I remember having a tearful conversation with my mother and she was like, don't worry. It'll pass. You think that this is the whole world right now.

I don't know about you, but I found being a teenager and, you know, going into puberty very difficult. You know, I was bullied by the mean girls, the popular girls at school and had to eat lunch by myself. And I remember having a tearful conversation with my mother and she was like, don't worry. It'll pass. You think that this is the whole world right now.

But in a few years, you'll be off in the bigger world and you'll see that there are a lot more people and you'll fit in better and it'll be fine.

But in a few years, you'll be off in the bigger world and you'll see that there are a lot more people and you'll fit in better and it'll be fine.

But in a few years, you'll be off in the bigger world and you'll see that there are a lot more people and you'll fit in better and it'll be fine.

Yeah. So critical periods are windows of time when the brain is especially sensitive to its environment and it can learn really well and really strong from that environment. Probably the best way to understand that is to think about the first critical period that was described. I think a lot of people have heard of it. It's imprinting behavior in geese. So this is so cute.

Yeah. So critical periods are windows of time when the brain is especially sensitive to its environment and it can learn really well and really strong from that environment. Probably the best way to understand that is to think about the first critical period that was described. I think a lot of people have heard of it. It's imprinting behavior in geese. So this is so cute.

Yeah. So critical periods are windows of time when the brain is especially sensitive to its environment and it can learn really well and really strong from that environment. Probably the best way to understand that is to think about the first critical period that was described. I think a lot of people have heard of it. It's imprinting behavior in geese. So this is so cute.

So yeah. So Conrad Lorenz, what he noticed is, is that within 48 hours of hatching, a little geese will goose will gosling. I don't know. I don't know. Anyway, geese will form a long lasting attachment to whatever is moving around in their immediate environment. And so typically this is their mom. But if the mom isn't there, it could be another mom.

So yeah. So Conrad Lorenz, what he noticed is, is that within 48 hours of hatching, a little geese will goose will gosling. I don't know. I don't know. Anyway, geese will form a long lasting attachment to whatever is moving around in their immediate environment. And so typically this is their mom. But if the mom isn't there, it could be another mom.

So yeah. So Conrad Lorenz, what he noticed is, is that within 48 hours of hatching, a little geese will goose will gosling. I don't know. I don't know. Anyway, geese will form a long lasting attachment to whatever is moving around in their immediate environment. And so typically this is their mom. But if the mom isn't there, it could be another mom.

Or if it's, you know, Conrad Lorenz, it could be a scientist. But then after that 48 hour time window is over. They can be exposed to all kinds of things in their environment and they won't form that lasting attachment. So that little window of time where they're so sensitive to their environment and they can form this lifelong attachment is what he coined the phrase critical period.

Or if it's, you know, Conrad Lorenz, it could be a scientist. But then after that 48 hour time window is over. They can be exposed to all kinds of things in their environment and they won't form that lasting attachment. So that little window of time where they're so sensitive to their environment and they can form this lifelong attachment is what he coined the phrase critical period.

Or if it's, you know, Conrad Lorenz, it could be a scientist. But then after that 48 hour time window is over. They can be exposed to all kinds of things in their environment and they won't form that lasting attachment. So that little window of time where they're so sensitive to their environment and they can form this lifelong attachment is what he coined the phrase critical period.

And when was that discovered? So that was in, I think, 1935. And then since 1935, we've discovered dozens of other critical periods. Wow. There's critical periods for language. There's critical periods for vision. There's critical periods for touch, for motor learning. There's critical periods basically for everything that the brain has to learn that isn't encoded in your genes.

And when was that discovered? So that was in, I think, 1935. And then since 1935, we've discovered dozens of other critical periods. Wow. There's critical periods for language. There's critical periods for vision. There's critical periods for touch, for motor learning. There's critical periods basically for everything that the brain has to learn that isn't encoded in your genes.

And when was that discovered? So that was in, I think, 1935. And then since 1935, we've discovered dozens of other critical periods. Wow. There's critical periods for language. There's critical periods for vision. There's critical periods for touch, for motor learning. There's critical periods basically for everything that the brain has to learn that isn't encoded in your genes.

Yes. Mostly it's, I mean, not just babies. There are, you know, different windows depending on what you're trying to learn at the time. So, you know, vision, the critical period peaks around three or four years old. By five or six, it's closed. Language stays open probably six, seven, eight, and then it's closed.

Yes. Mostly it's, I mean, not just babies. There are, you know, different windows depending on what you're trying to learn at the time. So, you know, vision, the critical period peaks around three or four years old. By five or six, it's closed. Language stays open probably six, seven, eight, and then it's closed.