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And when we did that test, these were adult animals. But the ones that had gotten MDMA two days later when they go into the bedding, it's like, oh, I like this bedding because I remember that all my buddies like this bedding and that's where I found my buddies is on this bedding. So I like this bedding, not this other bedding, right?

When they received the MDMA in a social context with their friends, suddenly they all cared, right? Like they suddenly they were learning from their social environment again as if they were teenagers.

When they received the MDMA in a social context with their friends, suddenly they all cared, right? Like they suddenly they were learning from their social environment again as if they were teenagers.

When they received the MDMA in a social context with their friends, suddenly they all cared, right? Like they suddenly they were learning from their social environment again as if they were teenagers.

So can I tell you what we were wrong about there? I don't know if I told you this. Oh, my God.

So can I tell you what we were wrong about there? I don't know if I told you this. Oh, my God.

So can I tell you what we were wrong about there? I don't know if I told you this. Oh, my God.

Yeah. So at the end of that paper in 2019, we were like, OK, great. We understand this now. It's because MDMA is pro-social. But we also knew that MDMA belonged to this larger group of people. compounds that are all psychedelic, right? And so I was like, let's just test it with LSD.

Yeah. So at the end of that paper in 2019, we were like, OK, great. We understand this now. It's because MDMA is pro-social. But we also knew that MDMA belonged to this larger group of people. compounds that are all psychedelic, right? And so I was like, let's just test it with LSD.

Yeah. So at the end of that paper in 2019, we were like, OK, great. We understand this now. It's because MDMA is pro-social. But we also knew that MDMA belonged to this larger group of people. compounds that are all psychedelic, right? And so I was like, let's just test it with LSD.

And suddenly all of the animals who had received LSD were also doing social reward learning like they were juveniles again. And I was like, okay, this is weird. I don't understand why this is because, you know, nobody's doing LSD and then, you know, doing a 30-person cuddle puddle. You know, people who do LSD don't have this, like, acute prosocial effect that MDMA has. Right.

And suddenly all of the animals who had received LSD were also doing social reward learning like they were juveniles again. And I was like, okay, this is weird. I don't understand why this is because, you know, nobody's doing LSD and then, you know, doing a 30-person cuddle puddle. You know, people who do LSD don't have this, like, acute prosocial effect that MDMA has. Right.

And suddenly all of the animals who had received LSD were also doing social reward learning like they were juveniles again. And I was like, okay, this is weird. I don't understand why this is because, you know, nobody's doing LSD and then, you know, doing a 30-person cuddle puddle. You know, people who do LSD don't have this, like, acute prosocial effect that MDMA has. Right.

So it's that's strange. Let's test a couple of others in case. So then we did it with psilocybin and we got the same thing. And then we were like, OK, well, what about like ketamine? And it did it. And basically all of the psychedelics are doing it.

So it's that's strange. Let's test a couple of others in case. So then we did it with psilocybin and we got the same thing. And then we were like, OK, well, what about like ketamine? And it did it. And basically all of the psychedelics are doing it.

So it's that's strange. Let's test a couple of others in case. So then we did it with psilocybin and we got the same thing. And then we were like, OK, well, what about like ketamine? And it did it. And basically all of the psychedelics are doing it.

That's right. That's right. It's the psychedelics part of it, not the pro-social effects of MDMA that make it able to reopen this critical period. You know, when I first started working on psychedelics, so this was about 10 years ago, the fad was, look, everything cool that psychedelics do, you really have to study in a human.

That's right. That's right. It's the psychedelics part of it, not the pro-social effects of MDMA that make it able to reopen this critical period. You know, when I first started working on psychedelics, so this was about 10 years ago, the fad was, look, everything cool that psychedelics do, you really have to study in a human.

That's right. That's right. It's the psychedelics part of it, not the pro-social effects of MDMA that make it able to reopen this critical period. You know, when I first started working on psychedelics, so this was about 10 years ago, the fad was, look, everything cool that psychedelics do, you really have to study in a human.

There's no way that you're ever going to be able to get at that mystical experience that what is a mouse seeing God even look like? You know, you're just not going to be able to, you're just never going to be able to get to the heart of the cool stuff if you study it in animals. And I think that this critical period explanation is the first one where we can really challenge that worldview.