Gül Dölen

Yeah. And we still care about social. It's just, you know, social. It's an emotion.

Yeah. And we still care about social. It's just, you know, social. It's an emotion.

So the hardcore one is vision. And since we first started making the case that psychedelics are reopening this critical period, there have been a couple of other papers from other labs showing that actually they can reopen. Well, ketamine is the one that people have looked at. But I think there's now another paper out about LSD. suggesting that they can reopen ocular dominance critical periods.

So the hardcore one is vision. And since we first started making the case that psychedelics are reopening this critical period, there have been a couple of other papers from other labs showing that actually they can reopen. Well, ketamine is the one that people have looked at. But I think there's now another paper out about LSD. suggesting that they can reopen ocular dominance critical periods.

So the hardcore one is vision. And since we first started making the case that psychedelics are reopening this critical period, there have been a couple of other papers from other labs showing that actually they can reopen. Well, ketamine is the one that people have looked at. But I think there's now another paper out about LSD. suggesting that they can reopen ocular dominance critical periods.

So the visual critical period can also be reopened. But the most hardcore one is motor, right? So movement. And this is the one that matters for stroke. And just so you know, reopening this motor critical period after stroke has been, you know, a goal of clinicians. And it's kind of where good ideas go to die, right? Like...

So the visual critical period can also be reopened. But the most hardcore one is motor, right? So movement. And this is the one that matters for stroke. And just so you know, reopening this motor critical period after stroke has been, you know, a goal of clinicians. And it's kind of where good ideas go to die, right? Like...

So the visual critical period can also be reopened. But the most hardcore one is motor, right? So movement. And this is the one that matters for stroke. And just so you know, reopening this motor critical period after stroke has been, you know, a goal of clinicians. And it's kind of where good ideas go to die, right? Like...

People have been trying to do this for stroke for a long time because roughly a million Americans a year get a stroke and half of them are debilitated for life afterwards, right? They die. It's just horrible. 500,000 people a year are debilitated in the United States. And stroke is, you know, much more common in other countries. So it's a worldwide massive burden.

People have been trying to do this for stroke for a long time because roughly a million Americans a year get a stroke and half of them are debilitated for life afterwards, right? They die. It's just horrible. 500,000 people a year are debilitated in the United States. And stroke is, you know, much more common in other countries. So it's a worldwide massive burden.

People have been trying to do this for stroke for a long time because roughly a million Americans a year get a stroke and half of them are debilitated for life afterwards, right? They die. It's just horrible. 500,000 people a year are debilitated in the United States. And stroke is, you know, much more common in other countries. So it's a worldwide massive burden.

I mean, we don't really understand how it happens. But basically, what we think is, is that when the stroke happens, the brain region that is encoding, let's say it's a hand movement, that those neurons that are encoding that hand movement die. And neurons in the motor cortex are not able to regenerate. So once they're gone, they're gone. Right.

I mean, we don't really understand how it happens. But basically, what we think is, is that when the stroke happens, the brain region that is encoding, let's say it's a hand movement, that those neurons that are encoding that hand movement die. And neurons in the motor cortex are not able to regenerate. So once they're gone, they're gone. Right.

I mean, we don't really understand how it happens. But basically, what we think is, is that when the stroke happens, the brain region that is encoding, let's say it's a hand movement, that those neurons that are encoding that hand movement die. And neurons in the motor cortex are not able to regenerate. So once they're gone, they're gone. Right.

And so what we think has to happen in order to recover from a motor injury is that the nearby neurons that are encoding, say, the arm or the elbow or the upper arm, those neurons have to get repurposed and have to learn how to do finger, even though they're normally doing elbow. Yeah. That's a hard thing because, you know, they've got a job already.

And so what we think has to happen in order to recover from a motor injury is that the nearby neurons that are encoding, say, the arm or the elbow or the upper arm, those neurons have to get repurposed and have to learn how to do finger, even though they're normally doing elbow. Yeah. That's a hard thing because, you know, they've got a job already.

And so what we think has to happen in order to recover from a motor injury is that the nearby neurons that are encoding, say, the arm or the elbow or the upper arm, those neurons have to get repurposed and have to learn how to do finger, even though they're normally doing elbow. Yeah. That's a hard thing because, you know, they've got a job already.

And they've been doing that job for 70 years potentially, you know. That's right. That's right. And so that's why we think it's so hard. And right after a stroke, if you want to reopen the critical period again, so far the best way to do that is to give another stroke, which is not clinically useful, right? Like nobody wants to cure stroke by getting another stroke.

And they've been doing that job for 70 years potentially, you know. That's right. That's right. And so that's why we think it's so hard. And right after a stroke, if you want to reopen the critical period again, so far the best way to do that is to give another stroke, which is not clinically useful, right? Like nobody wants to cure stroke by getting another stroke.

And they've been doing that job for 70 years potentially, you know. That's right. That's right. And so that's why we think it's so hard. And right after a stroke, if you want to reopen the critical period again, so far the best way to do that is to give another stroke, which is not clinically useful, right? Like nobody wants to cure stroke by getting another stroke.