Gad Barnea

Yeah, I mean, there was no, you're right. I mean, it was different. It wasn't exactly like this. It wasn't like picking and choosing, but it was also not exclusive. So in the beginning, in the early period at Elephantine, the Ouestic community, we do find documents like where people bless each other by the name of Yao and Canu, who is the local Egyptian god. So, I bless you by both deities.

Yeah, I mean, there was no, you're right. I mean, it was different. It wasn't exactly like this. It wasn't like picking and choosing, but it was also not exclusive. So in the beginning, in the early period at Elephantine, the Ouestic community, we do find documents like where people bless each other by the name of Yao and Canu, who is the local Egyptian god. So, I bless you by both deities.

Or they take oaths by the local female deity, goddess Satit, or other cases like that. And very common, just I bless you by the gods, plural. Right.

Or they take oaths by the local female deity, goddess Satit, or other cases like that. And very common, just I bless you by the gods, plural. Right.

Or they take oaths by the local female deity, goddess Satit, or other cases like that. And very common, just I bless you by the gods, plural. Right.

all the gods i don't mention a specific name i just you're blessed by the gods and so that's very common in um in that period not just the telephantine but in general just not mentioning all the gods because there are so many you you're blessed by the gods and um but these are yahwists these are yahwists

all the gods i don't mention a specific name i just you're blessed by the gods and so that's very common in um in that period not just the telephantine but in general just not mentioning all the gods because there are so many you you're blessed by the gods and um but these are yahwists these are yahwists

all the gods i don't mention a specific name i just you're blessed by the gods and so that's very common in um in that period not just the telephantine but in general just not mentioning all the gods because there are so many you you're blessed by the gods and um but these are yahwists these are yahwists

But the reason I use the word cult so much and not religion is because these are systems of adherence to specific deities for specific reasons. But religion, properly speaking, when we talk about religion, it's a system of adherence.

But the reason I use the word cult so much and not religion is because these are systems of adherence to specific deities for specific reasons. But religion, properly speaking, when we talk about religion, it's a system of adherence.

But the reason I use the word cult so much and not religion is because these are systems of adherence to specific deities for specific reasons. But religion, properly speaking, when we talk about religion, it's a system of adherence.

You know, like going to mass, for example, for Catholics or going to the synagogue and doing certain specific, very specific and unique things for that specific religion. Practices. Practices. In antiquity, you didn't really have religion as such. You had cultic systems, but there were a lot of them had common. They were so common.

You know, like going to mass, for example, for Catholics or going to the synagogue and doing certain specific, very specific and unique things for that specific religion. Practices. Practices. In antiquity, you didn't really have religion as such. You had cultic systems, but there were a lot of them had common. They were so common.

You know, like going to mass, for example, for Catholics or going to the synagogue and doing certain specific, very specific and unique things for that specific religion. Practices. Practices. In antiquity, you didn't really have religion as such. You had cultic systems, but there were a lot of them had common. They were so common.

So if you would go and observe a sacrifice in the Elvistic temple and then you go and you observe a sacrifice in a Phoenician temple, they would be almost identical. I mean these observances would be very, very close to one another. So you'd have cultic differences but not really religious as such. The observances themselves were not that different.

So if you would go and observe a sacrifice in the Elvistic temple and then you go and you observe a sacrifice in a Phoenician temple, they would be almost identical. I mean these observances would be very, very close to one another. So you'd have cultic differences but not really religious as such. The observances themselves were not that different.

So if you would go and observe a sacrifice in the Elvistic temple and then you go and you observe a sacrifice in a Phoenician temple, they would be almost identical. I mean these observances would be very, very close to one another. So you'd have cultic differences but not really religious as such. The observances themselves were not that different.

The language might have been a little bit different, possibly, and things like that. But the actual practices were not that different from one another. So we don't use the word religion at that point. That's really what I wanted to say. But actually going back to what you said earlier about Yahwism being early Judaism or not. And that's really important. Yahwism as such...

The language might have been a little bit different, possibly, and things like that. But the actual practices were not that different from one another. So we don't use the word religion at that point. That's really what I wanted to say. But actually going back to what you said earlier about Yahwism being early Judaism or not. And that's really important. Yahwism as such...

The language might have been a little bit different, possibly, and things like that. But the actual practices were not that different from one another. So we don't use the word religion at that point. That's really what I wanted to say. But actually going back to what you said earlier about Yahwism being early Judaism or not. And that's really important. Yahwism as such...