Gad Barnea

But we don't have that as a text. We don't have a textual reference to it outside of Elephantine. So this is the first textual reference that we have. And it's within a Yahoistic context. So I think that's really the most compelling evidence of this cross-pollination between the Yahwists slash Jews and the Zoroastrians. But there's a lot more. There's a lot more.

But we don't have that as a text. We don't have a textual reference to it outside of Elephantine. So this is the first textual reference that we have. And it's within a Yahoistic context. So I think that's really the most compelling evidence of this cross-pollination between the Yahwists slash Jews and the Zoroastrians. But there's a lot more. There's a lot more.

In my article, I also talk about this so-called Passover letter that has – that actually shows elements that are of an observance that is very close to or almost identical to the Zoroastrian Jasnah, which is the Zoroastrian liturgy. And so we have that. Yeah, we have a lot of different elements. And even within the Bible, the idea of the eternal flame and the holy flame that comes down

In my article, I also talk about this so-called Passover letter that has – that actually shows elements that are of an observance that is very close to or almost identical to the Zoroastrian Jasnah, which is the Zoroastrian liturgy. And so we have that. Yeah, we have a lot of different elements. And even within the Bible, the idea of the eternal flame and the holy flame that comes down

In my article, I also talk about this so-called Passover letter that has – that actually shows elements that are of an observance that is very close to or almost identical to the Zoroastrian Jasnah, which is the Zoroastrian liturgy. And so we have that. Yeah, we have a lot of different elements. And even within the Bible, the idea of the eternal flame and the holy flame that comes down

Even the burning bush, which is a supernatural flame, right? The supernatural fire. I have a lecture coming up two weeks from now in Paris about this, specifically about this, the burning bush and the theophany there in its Zoroastrian aspects there, which are on several levels there in that particular story.

Even the burning bush, which is a supernatural flame, right? The supernatural fire. I have a lecture coming up two weeks from now in Paris about this, specifically about this, the burning bush and the theophany there in its Zoroastrian aspects there, which are on several levels there in that particular story.

Even the burning bush, which is a supernatural flame, right? The supernatural fire. I have a lecture coming up two weeks from now in Paris about this, specifically about this, the burning bush and the theophany there in its Zoroastrian aspects there, which are on several levels there in that particular story.

And I have a colleague from Haifa, Professor Itamar Kislev, who wrote a great article also in this book about the fire sacrifice in the Bible, in Leviticus and other places as well. Just a great analysis of this, dating that to Achaemenid influences. And so, yeah, we're seeing a lot of property Zoroastrian elements in Jewish sources, whether in the Bible or external to the Bible.

And I have a colleague from Haifa, Professor Itamar Kislev, who wrote a great article also in this book about the fire sacrifice in the Bible, in Leviticus and other places as well. Just a great analysis of this, dating that to Achaemenid influences. And so, yeah, we're seeing a lot of property Zoroastrian elements in Jewish sources, whether in the Bible or external to the Bible.

And I have a colleague from Haifa, Professor Itamar Kislev, who wrote a great article also in this book about the fire sacrifice in the Bible, in Leviticus and other places as well. Just a great analysis of this, dating that to Achaemenid influences. And so, yeah, we're seeing a lot of property Zoroastrian elements in Jewish sources, whether in the Bible or external to the Bible.

One thing we need to be very careful is to identify what we mean by the Zoroastrianism of the Achaemenid period. Because most of the sources that we have are much later, from the Sassanian period that's, you know, roughly third, late third, fourth century really, and to the rise of Islam.

One thing we need to be very careful is to identify what we mean by the Zoroastrianism of the Achaemenid period. Because most of the sources that we have are much later, from the Sassanian period that's, you know, roughly third, late third, fourth century really, and to the rise of Islam.

One thing we need to be very careful is to identify what we mean by the Zoroastrianism of the Achaemenid period. Because most of the sources that we have are much later, from the Sassanian period that's, you know, roughly third, late third, fourth century really, and to the rise of Islam.

And so that's most of the sources that we have, and even then the actual manuscripts that we have from Zoroastrianism are much later than that even. And so for my research, what I try to do is only limit myself to things that I can prove already existed in the Achaemenid period, whether it's in pictographic representations of these liturgies or texts or even names, components of names.

And so that's most of the sources that we have, and even then the actual manuscripts that we have from Zoroastrianism are much later than that even. And so for my research, what I try to do is only limit myself to things that I can prove already existed in the Achaemenid period, whether it's in pictographic representations of these liturgies or texts or even names, components of names.

And so that's most of the sources that we have, and even then the actual manuscripts that we have from Zoroastrianism are much later than that even. And so for my research, what I try to do is only limit myself to things that I can prove already existed in the Achaemenid period, whether it's in pictographic representations of these liturgies or texts or even names, components of names.

So for example, just one example, the name Darius, Daryawahush in Iranian, in Old Persian, is based on a quote, a direct quote from the Avesta. It's a citatname, we say in German, so it's a citation name from an authoritative text. It's not Persian, it's Avestan. Darya Vahush means the holder of good. Vahush element here means good, but in Old Persian you would say naiba to say good.

So for example, just one example, the name Darius, Daryawahush in Iranian, in Old Persian, is based on a quote, a direct quote from the Avesta. It's a citatname, we say in German, so it's a citation name from an authoritative text. It's not Persian, it's Avestan. Darya Vahush means the holder of good. Vahush element here means good, but in Old Persian you would say naiba to say good.

So for example, just one example, the name Darius, Daryawahush in Iranian, in Old Persian, is based on a quote, a direct quote from the Avesta. It's a citatname, we say in German, so it's a citation name from an authoritative text. It's not Persian, it's Avestan. Darya Vahush means the holder of good. Vahush element here means good, but in Old Persian you would say naiba to say good.