Gary Smith

And we're able to do it at such high speeds now that it's transparent to, you know, the applications that you're using.

Well, because it's the piece that connects all of this stuff. Everybody focuses on things like, you know, AI right now or, you know, be it the Netflix or whatever. And it's just how do you get those things to manifest itself to, you know, the consumer and to enterprise?

Well, because it's the piece that connects all of this stuff. Everybody focuses on things like, you know, AI right now or, you know, be it the Netflix or whatever. And it's just how do you get those things to manifest itself to, you know, the consumer and to enterprise?

Well, because it's the piece that connects all of this stuff. Everybody focuses on things like, you know, AI right now or, you know, be it the Netflix or whatever. And it's just how do you get those things to manifest itself to, you know, the consumer and to enterprise?

You know, the reality of that is it requires a massive build out over the last two decades for, you know, that fiber infrastructure, basically, that connects all these data centers together, that connects them through submarine cables, connects them, you know, across countries. when it's got the intelligence on it to be able to know where to go get that information.

You know, the reality of that is it requires a massive build out over the last two decades for, you know, that fiber infrastructure, basically, that connects all these data centers together, that connects them through submarine cables, connects them, you know, across countries. when it's got the intelligence on it to be able to know where to go get that information.

You know, the reality of that is it requires a massive build out over the last two decades for, you know, that fiber infrastructure, basically, that connects all these data centers together, that connects them through submarine cables, connects them, you know, across countries. when it's got the intelligence on it to be able to know where to go get that information.

And that has evolved over the last two decades and continues to be evolved because you think about some of the business models that we now take for granted, like Uber. That wouldn't be available if you couldn't get instant response to it. Now, 20 years ago, that would not have been possible as a business model.

And that has evolved over the last two decades and continues to be evolved because you think about some of the business models that we now take for granted, like Uber. That wouldn't be available if you couldn't get instant response to it. Now, 20 years ago, that would not have been possible as a business model.

And that has evolved over the last two decades and continues to be evolved because you think about some of the business models that we now take for granted, like Uber. That wouldn't be available if you couldn't get instant response to it. Now, 20 years ago, that would not have been possible as a business model.

And, you know, there's an interesting point in time here, Nilay, where there was this massive overbuild of fiber capacity in the early 2000s. And it was sort of a telecom, you know, nuclear winter then where we had more capacity than apparently we'd need for the next two decades. And, you know, people built out all of these large fiber networks and sort of no one came.

And, you know, there's an interesting point in time here, Nilay, where there was this massive overbuild of fiber capacity in the early 2000s. And it was sort of a telecom, you know, nuclear winter then where we had more capacity than apparently we'd need for the next two decades. And, you know, people built out all of these large fiber networks and sort of no one came.

And, you know, there's an interesting point in time here, Nilay, where there was this massive overbuild of fiber capacity in the early 2000s. And it was sort of a telecom, you know, nuclear winter then where we had more capacity than apparently we'd need for the next two decades. And, you know, people built out all of these large fiber networks and sort of no one came.

but they did really because that enabled business models to take large amounts of bandwidth at low cost and that created business models like Amazon. which weren't able to get stimulated and to be sustainable until they had large amounts of dependable connectivity. And so it's constantly evolving where you've got applications that are demanding much higher bandwidth.

but they did really because that enabled business models to take large amounts of bandwidth at low cost and that created business models like Amazon. which weren't able to get stimulated and to be sustainable until they had large amounts of dependable connectivity. And so it's constantly evolving where you've got applications that are demanding much higher bandwidth.

but they did really because that enabled business models to take large amounts of bandwidth at low cost and that created business models like Amazon. which weren't able to get stimulated and to be sustainable until they had large amounts of dependable connectivity. And so it's constantly evolving where you've got applications that are demanding much higher bandwidth.

We're into an era of that now with AI, for sure. And then the networks have to kind of catch up and facilitate that.

We're into an era of that now with AI, for sure. And then the networks have to kind of catch up and facilitate that.

We're into an era of that now with AI, for sure. And then the networks have to kind of catch up and facilitate that.

We basically don't run the network. Those are the service provider carriers. And they can be, if you take North America as an example, there's hundreds of carriers that do the local last mile. out in the rural areas, and then there's obviously the Verizons, Comcasts, AT&Ts of this world, you know, that then facilitate all of that connectivity to the consumer.