Gary Smith

We have the technology, the software that actually manages the network as well and looks for predictive issues of challenges and switches automatically. If there are problems on certain fibers, it will detect that and switch it through. So there's a lot of underlying technology and collaboration between us and all the service providers.

And also all of the hyperscalers, you know, pretty much all of the hyperscalers use Ciena to connect their data centers around the world. And we partner with them as well on technology developments that are specific to their networks. Because these networks are now, you know, you look at the hyperscalers, some of the largest networks in the world.

And also all of the hyperscalers, you know, pretty much all of the hyperscalers use Ciena to connect their data centers around the world. And we partner with them as well on technology developments that are specific to their networks. Because these networks are now, you know, you look at the hyperscalers, some of the largest networks in the world.

And also all of the hyperscalers, you know, pretty much all of the hyperscalers use Ciena to connect their data centers around the world. And we partner with them as well on technology developments that are specific to their networks. Because these networks are now, you know, you look at the hyperscalers, some of the largest networks in the world.

And they're very complicated, you know, multi-continent, metro, long-haul, submarine cables. The biggest players now, the biggest owners of capacity on submarine cables is actually the cloud players. And that used to be the traditional service providers. But now it's the likes of Google and Meta, et cetera, that really own a lot of the global capacity on those submarine cables.

And they're very complicated, you know, multi-continent, metro, long-haul, submarine cables. The biggest players now, the biggest owners of capacity on submarine cables is actually the cloud players. And that used to be the traditional service providers. But now it's the likes of Google and Meta, et cetera, that really own a lot of the global capacity on those submarine cables.

And they're very complicated, you know, multi-continent, metro, long-haul, submarine cables. The biggest players now, the biggest owners of capacity on submarine cables is actually the cloud players. And that used to be the traditional service providers. But now it's the likes of Google and Meta, et cetera, that really own a lot of the global capacity on those submarine cables.

So that dynamic, I mean, you take the submarine cables as an example. It's a good proxy for what's happened here. From the 1980s right the way through to 2010, this was all funded by the service providers. So it was a way of getting transatlantic, you know, largely to Europe, a little bit to Asia, you know, transatlantic phone conversations.

So that dynamic, I mean, you take the submarine cables as an example. It's a good proxy for what's happened here. From the 1980s right the way through to 2010, this was all funded by the service providers. So it was a way of getting transatlantic, you know, largely to Europe, a little bit to Asia, you know, transatlantic phone conversations.

So that dynamic, I mean, you take the submarine cables as an example. It's a good proxy for what's happened here. From the 1980s right the way through to 2010, this was all funded by the service providers. So it was a way of getting transatlantic, you know, largely to Europe, a little bit to Asia, you know, transatlantic phone conversations.

And so they'd have these cables and they would get together as consortia between companies These companies like British Telecom, AT&T, and they would, as a syndicate, fund these submarine cables. Now, with the advent of cloud, you got these players who wanted to have very high-speed connectivity.

And so they'd have these cables and they would get together as consortia between companies These companies like British Telecom, AT&T, and they would, as a syndicate, fund these submarine cables. Now, with the advent of cloud, you got these players who wanted to have very high-speed connectivity.

And so they'd have these cables and they would get together as consortia between companies These companies like British Telecom, AT&T, and they would, as a syndicate, fund these submarine cables. Now, with the advent of cloud, you got these players who wanted to have very high-speed connectivity.

If they're going to be in the European market, you take for the example of Meta or Google or Microsoft or any of these players. They needed to have very high-speed dedicated capacity. So you began to see in about 2010 the cloud players, A, purchasing the capacity of those submarine cables. And in the last more recent five years or so, you've seen Google

If they're going to be in the European market, you take for the example of Meta or Google or Microsoft or any of these players. They needed to have very high-speed dedicated capacity. So you began to see in about 2010 the cloud players, A, purchasing the capacity of those submarine cables. And in the last more recent five years or so, you've seen Google

If they're going to be in the European market, you take for the example of Meta or Google or Microsoft or any of these players. They needed to have very high-speed dedicated capacity. So you began to see in about 2010 the cloud players, A, purchasing the capacity of those submarine cables. And in the last more recent five years or so, you've seen Google

actually begin to own many of these cables and meta and others too to it so you know it's evolved from hey you know it's all this service provider and it's just phone calls you know when you want to you know reach your aunt in europe or in india or whatever then you know it's just a phone call which is a very small amount of data

actually begin to own many of these cables and meta and others too to it so you know it's evolved from hey you know it's all this service provider and it's just phone calls you know when you want to you know reach your aunt in europe or in india or whatever then you know it's just a phone call which is a very small amount of data

actually begin to own many of these cables and meta and others too to it so you know it's evolved from hey you know it's all this service provider and it's just phone calls you know when you want to you know reach your aunt in europe or in india or whatever then you know it's just a phone call which is a very small amount of data

The amount of data that's now being required by these cloud players is multiple more times than that. And you've got a lot of graphics going over it as well, which takes a lot of bandwidth. So the need for bandwidth has grown dramatically.