Gen. Stanley McChrystal

That's an amazing story. If I remember, he lost nobody. Correct. Which is impossible in those circumstances. I very much focus on Admiral James Stockdale's experience in the Hanoi Hilton for seven years. He was a little older than other prisoners.

That's an amazing story. If I remember, he lost nobody. Correct. Which is impossible in those circumstances. I very much focus on Admiral James Stockdale's experience in the Hanoi Hilton for seven years. He was a little older than other prisoners.

Sure. He was a Navy aviator who was shot down in 1965. And he is a little bit older, so he had a little more education, a little more philosophy and faith. And so in captivity, what he found was this case where you have no control over your environment. You are not only being poorly treated, you're being tortured. And when you are tortured, you break. And when you break, you lose self-esteem.

Sure. He was a Navy aviator who was shot down in 1965. And he is a little bit older, so he had a little more education, a little more philosophy and faith. And so in captivity, what he found was this case where you have no control over your environment. You are not only being poorly treated, you're being tortured. And when you are tortured, you break. And when you break, you lose self-esteem.

Sure. He was a Navy aviator who was shot down in 1965. And he is a little bit older, so he had a little more education, a little more philosophy and faith. And so in captivity, what he found was this case where you have no control over your environment. You are not only being poorly treated, you're being tortured. And when you are tortured, you break. And when you break, you lose self-esteem.

You are forced to make statements, things which you swore you would never do. In fact, you gave an oath to the United States government that said, if captured, I'll give my name, rank, and serial number. And that's just not practical. Under torture, you give more. So the people who are in this situation were in this hellish long-term captivity and they

You are forced to make statements, things which you swore you would never do. In fact, you gave an oath to the United States government that said, if captured, I'll give my name, rank, and serial number. And that's just not practical. Under torture, you give more. So the people who are in this situation were in this hellish long-term captivity and they

You are forced to make statements, things which you swore you would never do. In fact, you gave an oath to the United States government that said, if captured, I'll give my name, rank, and serial number. And that's just not practical. Under torture, you give more. So the people who are in this situation were in this hellish long-term captivity and they

What Stockdale developed was something that came to be known as the Stockdale paradox. And that is you need to recognize the absolute reality of your situation. The fact that you can't control certain things. It is what it is and you can't deny that. But at the same time, in parallel, you have to hold a belief in the long-term positive outcome that you need.

What Stockdale developed was something that came to be known as the Stockdale paradox. And that is you need to recognize the absolute reality of your situation. The fact that you can't control certain things. It is what it is and you can't deny that. But at the same time, in parallel, you have to hold a belief in the long-term positive outcome that you need.

What Stockdale developed was something that came to be known as the Stockdale paradox. And that is you need to recognize the absolute reality of your situation. The fact that you can't control certain things. It is what it is and you can't deny that. But at the same time, in parallel, you have to hold a belief in the long-term positive outcome that you need.

When I think of Shackleton, I think in his mind, he absolutely knows how bad things are. But he is communicating to the people who are there with him is that the endurance is locked in the ice. He communicates to them, we're going to make it. And because of his nature, they want to believe him.

When I think of Shackleton, I think in his mind, he absolutely knows how bad things are. But he is communicating to the people who are there with him is that the endurance is locked in the ice. He communicates to them, we're going to make it. And because of his nature, they want to believe him.

When I think of Shackleton, I think in his mind, he absolutely knows how bad things are. But he is communicating to the people who are there with him is that the endurance is locked in the ice. He communicates to them, we're going to make it. And because of his nature, they want to believe him.

And because he sticks with it and is willing to endure difficult things with him, it increases his credibility with him. But I think that's true of leaders in business or in education or anything. People want to believe that you're not going to quit, that you are basically optimistic, and that you will be there for them when they waver.

And because he sticks with it and is willing to endure difficult things with him, it increases his credibility with him. But I think that's true of leaders in business or in education or anything. People want to believe that you're not going to quit, that you are basically optimistic, and that you will be there for them when they waver.

And because he sticks with it and is willing to endure difficult things with him, it increases his credibility with him. But I think that's true of leaders in business or in education or anything. People want to believe that you're not going to quit, that you are basically optimistic, and that you will be there for them when they waver.

I think it's huge because we think of physical courage, but moral courage is much harder in my view. Physical courage happens in a moment. You react typically in a moment. Moral courage typically goes over a period of time. And in most cases, you're in a position where you've got a great reason to do other than what

I think it's huge because we think of physical courage, but moral courage is much harder in my view. Physical courage happens in a moment. You react typically in a moment. Moral courage typically goes over a period of time. And in most cases, you're in a position where you've got a great reason to do other than what

I think it's huge because we think of physical courage, but moral courage is much harder in my view. Physical courage happens in a moment. You react typically in a moment. Moral courage typically goes over a period of time. And in most cases, you're in a position where you've got a great reason to do other than what