Harold 'Sonny' White

for this idea. And if you take his mathematics and you put it in a physical form, it's going to look like my little cartoon here on the right. And so you got the little ring that goes around the little surface here. It looks like a wave. And then there's a little central portion there. It kind of looks like a football, let's say.

for this idea. And if you take his mathematics and you put it in a physical form, it's going to look like my little cartoon here on the right. And so you got the little ring that goes around the little surface here. It looks like a wave. And then there's a little central portion there. It kind of looks like a football, let's say.

And so what happens is that ring that goes around that little football, that's what's necessary to make the trick work. And so it has to be filled with something called exotic matter. And so that's an important issue, right? What's exotic matter, right? So it's something in general relativity that's also equivalent to negative mass. And so we all understand positive mass, right?

And so what happens is that ring that goes around that little football, that's what's necessary to make the trick work. And so it has to be filled with something called exotic matter. And so that's an important issue, right? What's exotic matter, right? So it's something in general relativity that's also equivalent to negative mass. And so we all understand positive mass, right?

And so what happens is that ring that goes around that little football, that's what's necessary to make the trick work. And so it has to be filled with something called exotic matter. And so that's an important issue, right? What's exotic matter, right? So it's something in general relativity that's also equivalent to negative mass. And so we all understand positive mass, right?

If your little brother hits you on the head with something, that's positive mass hitting your head, right? Negative mass is not only zero mass, but it's a negative value. And so what does that even mean? And so in the context of general relativity,

If your little brother hits you on the head with something, that's positive mass hitting your head, right? Negative mass is not only zero mass, but it's a negative value. And so what does that even mean? And so in the context of general relativity,

If your little brother hits you on the head with something, that's positive mass hitting your head, right? Negative mass is not only zero mass, but it's a negative value. And so what does that even mean? And so in the context of general relativity,

If we come up with a model that requires exotic matter, we have to highlight that as a problem because we don't, in general relativity, general relativity doesn't tell us how to make that. And so that could potentially be an obstacle that would prevent something like this from ever being physically real.

If we come up with a model that requires exotic matter, we have to highlight that as a problem because we don't, in general relativity, general relativity doesn't tell us how to make that. And so that could potentially be an obstacle that would prevent something like this from ever being physically real.

If we come up with a model that requires exotic matter, we have to highlight that as a problem because we don't, in general relativity, general relativity doesn't tell us how to make that. And so that could potentially be an obstacle that would prevent something like this from ever being physically real.

But if we could figure out how to make it, and I'll actually speak to that in just a second, if we could make that and we could create a ring that could manifest that exotic matter, it would cause space-time to respond in such a way so that it would expand and contract to allow you to go to Proxima Centauri in five and a half months as measured by you on board the spacecraft in that football and as measured by folks over in Mission Control over in Houston.

But if we could figure out how to make it, and I'll actually speak to that in just a second, if we could make that and we could create a ring that could manifest that exotic matter, it would cause space-time to respond in such a way so that it would expand and contract to allow you to go to Proxima Centauri in five and a half months as measured by you on board the spacecraft in that football and as measured by folks over in Mission Control over in Houston.

But if we could figure out how to make it, and I'll actually speak to that in just a second, if we could make that and we could create a ring that could manifest that exotic matter, it would cause space-time to respond in such a way so that it would expand and contract to allow you to go to Proxima Centauri in five and a half months as measured by you on board the spacecraft in that football and as measured by folks over in Mission Control over in Houston.

So exotic matter, and the cool thing is, these are the equations, so there'll be a test later, Joe. Oh, I'm ready. So in Alcubierre's paper in 1994, he rightly highlights the fact that, hey, there's a problem, danger, Will Robinson. This stuff requires exotic matter. That may mean it's nonphysical.

So exotic matter, and the cool thing is, these are the equations, so there'll be a test later, Joe. Oh, I'm ready. So in Alcubierre's paper in 1994, he rightly highlights the fact that, hey, there's a problem, danger, Will Robinson. This stuff requires exotic matter. That may mean it's nonphysical.

So exotic matter, and the cool thing is, these are the equations, so there'll be a test later, Joe. Oh, I'm ready. So in Alcubierre's paper in 1994, he rightly highlights the fact that, hey, there's a problem, danger, Will Robinson. This stuff requires exotic matter. That may mean it's nonphysical.

However, he highlights the fact, hey, we have this other circle over here called quantum mechanics, right? And there's something in the context of quantum mechanics called negative vacuum energy density. And so that's something that's connected to the idea of the Casimir force. We'll unpack that later.

However, he highlights the fact, hey, we have this other circle over here called quantum mechanics, right? And there's something in the context of quantum mechanics called negative vacuum energy density. And so that's something that's connected to the idea of the Casimir force. We'll unpack that later.

However, he highlights the fact, hey, we have this other circle over here called quantum mechanics, right? And there's something in the context of quantum mechanics called negative vacuum energy density. And so that's something that's connected to the idea of the Casimir force. We'll unpack that later.