Ivana Hughes

And many people in French Polynesia have been impacted by the testing that took place there.

Absolutely.

And I can explain that as well.

But Hina Morera said to me something really interesting.

She said, you know, when we call it testing...

When I was young and people would talk about, oh, we had the testing, I just imagined scientists kind of playing in a laboratory and doing some kind of a test.

These were full-blown nuclear explosions.

They described Bravo, described the Soviet so-called test, the Tsar Bomba.

There were over 2,000 such explosions, many of them atmospheric tests,

The majority is still underground tests, but even underground tests have had devastating consequences.

In 1963, there was really a kind of seminal agreement that was made initially just

by the US, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom of stopping atmospheric testing.

And that was a real victory for the people of the world because it helped to... Some atmospheric testing continued, China and France actually both continued to test in the atmosphere post 1963.

France tested in the atmosphere until 1974 and China tested in the atmosphere until 1980.

So both of those continued.

Everybody else has conducted, to our knowledge, underground tests.

To my knowledge, only underground tests.

Yeah, so depending on what kind of a bomb you have... Let me go back to a kind of key distinction here.

We have two types of nuclear weapons.

One we refer to as atomic bombs.