Ivana Hughes

The other five, what's interesting is they were from the very beginning of the treaty, all five were recognized as nuclear weapon states, but China and France didn't join the treaty until 1992.

So it sometimes takes time for these treaties to actually... So the other nations would be India, Pakistan, North Korea.

So there, yes.

So there are four others.

So nine nuclear armed states, five recognized by the United Nations.

Also, all five members of the UN Security Council would veto power.

And then the four that are outside of the treaty, Israel, which has this unique policy of ambiguity of an undeclared nuclear arsenal.

But again, we think it's a 90 nuclear warhead arsenal.

Oh, absolutely.

I think there's no doubt about whether or not they have them.

India and Pakistan never joined the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Both essentially, you know, tested nuclear weapons underground.

They each have on the order of 150 nuclear warheads today.

And then North Korea was actually a part of the treaty until they left the treaty in the early 2000s and have...

since pursued a nuclear weapons program, we think that North Korea actually currently has 50, 60, maybe 70 nuclear warheads.

What North Korea has done is it has also actually developed the delivery systems

And we think that today North Korea actually has the kind of delivery systems that could deliver a nuclear warhead to any part of the United States.

And this to me is actually really for, you know...

many reasons why we have to eliminate nuclear weapons.

I can make a case about that very strongly.