Jack Symes

I just want to shed light on like an alternative idea, which is go back to Parmenides, the pre-Socratic philosopher who thought that all change and all individuation is an illusion, that we live in this block universe, this big one thing. Have you heard of Zeno's Paradox? You've done this one before? No, no, what's that? Zeno's Paradox is great. So you've got two, like, see these two cups here.

For that cup to reach that one, it needs to go from point A to point B, say in the middle. And then to get another half, it has to do another half journey from point B to point C. And that goes on infinitely for Zeno. Like there's always another halfway point in between point A and point B because you need to keep making these half journeys.

For that cup to reach that one, it needs to go from point A to point B, say in the middle. And then to get another half, it has to do another half journey from point B to point C. And that goes on infinitely for Zeno. Like there's always another halfway point in between point A and point B because you need to keep making these half journeys.

For that cup to reach that one, it needs to go from point A to point B, say in the middle. And then to get another half, it has to do another half journey from point B to point C. And that goes on infinitely for Zeno. Like there's always another halfway point in between point A and point B because you need to keep making these half journeys.

Which seems ridiculous because we quite clearly can move the cup next to the other one, right? Right. But theoretically, if time and space is infinitely divisible, then you can always make another half journey in between point A and point B. Okay. It gives the example of like...

Which seems ridiculous because we quite clearly can move the cup next to the other one, right? Right. But theoretically, if time and space is infinitely divisible, then you can always make another half journey in between point A and point B. Okay. It gives the example of like...

Which seems ridiculous because we quite clearly can move the cup next to the other one, right? Right. But theoretically, if time and space is infinitely divisible, then you can always make another half journey in between point A and point B. Okay. It gives the example of like...

Yeah, every step of the way. Like, is it Hercules or somebody racing a turtle? Maybe it's not Hercules. Yeah, you got it. Yeah, Achilles. There you go. So the turtle and Achilles are having a race. And the idea is like for Achilles to get to the finish line, Achilles needs to go halfway. But then he needs to get three quarters of the way.

Yeah, every step of the way. Like, is it Hercules or somebody racing a turtle? Maybe it's not Hercules. Yeah, you got it. Yeah, Achilles. There you go. So the turtle and Achilles are having a race. And the idea is like for Achilles to get to the finish line, Achilles needs to go halfway. But then he needs to get three quarters of the way.

Yeah, every step of the way. Like, is it Hercules or somebody racing a turtle? Maybe it's not Hercules. Yeah, you got it. Yeah, Achilles. There you go. So the turtle and Achilles are having a race. And the idea is like for Achilles to get to the finish line, Achilles needs to go halfway. But then he needs to get three quarters of the way.

And then there's another half point between three quarters and the full way. And it will go on and on and on and on. So the answer to the question, who wins the race out of Achilles and the turtle, is neither of them win. It's a draw. No one can finish the race. But we quite clearly finish races. We quite clearly move the cups next to each other.

And then there's another half point between three quarters and the full way. And it will go on and on and on and on. So the answer to the question, who wins the race out of Achilles and the turtle, is neither of them win. It's a draw. No one can finish the race. But we quite clearly finish races. We quite clearly move the cups next to each other.

And then there's another half point between three quarters and the full way. And it will go on and on and on and on. So the answer to the question, who wins the race out of Achilles and the turtle, is neither of them win. It's a draw. No one can finish the race. But we quite clearly finish races. We quite clearly move the cups next to each other.

So Zeno thought, and people like Heraclitus thought as well, that this means that it's all an illusion. Like the idea of change and motion isn't actually something that's out there in the world. It can't be possible. Right. So when you're seeing change in motion, what are you seeing?

So Zeno thought, and people like Heraclitus thought as well, that this means that it's all an illusion. Like the idea of change and motion isn't actually something that's out there in the world. It can't be possible. Right. So when you're seeing change in motion, what are you seeing?

So Zeno thought, and people like Heraclitus thought as well, that this means that it's all an illusion. Like the idea of change and motion isn't actually something that's out there in the world. It can't be possible. Right. So when you're seeing change in motion, what are you seeing?

It seems like that's not true. Well, take, like Einstein tells us, and this is, let's bring in the multiverse for this too, right? Einstein told us that space is like stretchable. So it expands. So we have the moment of the Big Bang and the universe or existence as a whole, we might say, space and time, evolves according to the law of inflation.

It seems like that's not true. Well, take, like Einstein tells us, and this is, let's bring in the multiverse for this too, right? Einstein told us that space is like stretchable. So it expands. So we have the moment of the Big Bang and the universe or existence as a whole, we might say, space and time, evolves according to the law of inflation.

It seems like that's not true. Well, take, like Einstein tells us, and this is, let's bring in the multiverse for this too, right? Einstein told us that space is like stretchable. So it expands. So we have the moment of the Big Bang and the universe or existence as a whole, we might say, space and time, evolves according to the law of inflation.

So we keep getting a bigger and bigger area of space. And some physicists think that this inflation happens eternally, that it isn't reasonable to say that it just stopped as soon as our universe was created or one or two later.