Jason Jorjani

Yeah, and ENIAC. At that time in the 1940s, when we're building the first computers, there was this guy, Claude Shannon, who developed a science known as information theory, subsequently came to be known as information theory. Because before computers were built, nobody thought of mathematically formalizing the transfer of information. We had phones at that time. We had radio transmissions.

Yeah, and ENIAC. At that time in the 1940s, when we're building the first computers, there was this guy, Claude Shannon, who developed a science known as information theory, subsequently came to be known as information theory. Because before computers were built, nobody thought of mathematically formalizing the transfer of information. We had phones at that time. We had radio transmissions.

But nobody thought about what was being transmitted over phone lines or over telegraph lines as data transfer. That concept didn't exist. But once they started building computers, it stands to reason that somebody would mathematically formulize what data is and what it means to transmit and transfer data. So this guy, Claude Shannon, does this. And he comes up with the idea of a binary digit.

But nobody thought about what was being transmitted over phone lines or over telegraph lines as data transfer. That concept didn't exist. But once they started building computers, it stands to reason that somebody would mathematically formulize what data is and what it means to transmit and transfer data. So this guy, Claude Shannon, does this. And he comes up with the idea of a binary digit.

But nobody thought about what was being transmitted over phone lines or over telegraph lines as data transfer. That concept didn't exist. But once they started building computers, it stands to reason that somebody would mathematically formulize what data is and what it means to transmit and transfer data. So this guy, Claude Shannon, does this. And he comes up with the idea of a binary digit.

Binary digit. Bit. where data is conceived of according to the binary of one and zero. You know, data as being a construct built from out of sequences of ones and zeros. Claude Shannon is the first person to conceptualize this. And Shannon also makes the point that, look, we live in a universe bound by the two laws of thermodynamics.

Binary digit. Bit. where data is conceived of according to the binary of one and zero. You know, data as being a construct built from out of sequences of ones and zeros. Claude Shannon is the first person to conceptualize this. And Shannon also makes the point that, look, we live in a universe bound by the two laws of thermodynamics.

Binary digit. Bit. where data is conceived of according to the binary of one and zero. You know, data as being a construct built from out of sequences of ones and zeros. Claude Shannon is the first person to conceptualize this. And Shannon also makes the point that, look, we live in a universe bound by the two laws of thermodynamics.

The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can never be created or destroyed. Energy equals MC squared. This is going to be important for what I'm about to say. So as Einstein, you know, showed us, energy and mass are interconvertible. E equals MC squared. So energy can become mass and mass can become energy. Right.

The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can never be created or destroyed. Energy equals MC squared. This is going to be important for what I'm about to say. So as Einstein, you know, showed us, energy and mass are interconvertible. E equals MC squared. So energy can become mass and mass can become energy. Right.

The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can never be created or destroyed. Energy equals MC squared. This is going to be important for what I'm about to say. So as Einstein, you know, showed us, energy and mass are interconvertible. E equals MC squared. So energy can become mass and mass can become energy. Right.

But we can't identify anywhere in the physical universe energy being created or destroyed. That's the first law of thermodynamics.

But we can't identify anywhere in the physical universe energy being created or destroyed. That's the first law of thermodynamics.

But we can't identify anywhere in the physical universe energy being created or destroyed. That's the first law of thermodynamics.

Net total energy remains the same. Yep. Okay. So... Then the second law of thermodynamics is that we notice everywhere in nature, even when you pour a dye into a glass of water, that there's a tendency toward disorder in the cosmos over time. And so the second law of thermodynamics is that in a closed system, The level of disorder or entropy either remains constant or increases.

Net total energy remains the same. Yep. Okay. So... Then the second law of thermodynamics is that we notice everywhere in nature, even when you pour a dye into a glass of water, that there's a tendency toward disorder in the cosmos over time. And so the second law of thermodynamics is that in a closed system, The level of disorder or entropy either remains constant or increases.

Net total energy remains the same. Yep. Okay. So... Then the second law of thermodynamics is that we notice everywhere in nature, even when you pour a dye into a glass of water, that there's a tendency toward disorder in the cosmos over time. And so the second law of thermodynamics is that in a closed system, The level of disorder or entropy either remains constant or increases.

It's never the case that entropy decreases in nature. You never have more order emerge over time in large-scale physical processes. As things age. As things age, more disorder.

It's never the case that entropy decreases in nature. You never have more order emerge over time in large-scale physical processes. As things age. As things age, more disorder.

It's never the case that entropy decreases in nature. You never have more order emerge over time in large-scale physical processes. As things age. As things age, more disorder.