Jean-Baptiste Kempf

So using block energy, trying to compensate for human perception when making decisions.

Yes, exactly.

As opposed to what industry... Some parts of industry are still obsessed by this, which is mathematical numbers that don't look good in reality.

And then adaptive quantization was the other big one where...

it was biasing bits against um complex areas and redistributing them to less complex areas like grass grass has some high frequencies but it's kind of it's less complex overall compared to more complicated things and this came around by um park joy so park joy was really the canonical sample that was still running around in the park yeah so this guy was really the um

So this was created by Swedish television in the beginning of HD and it was done on film and it was no expense spared in terms of production quality and it was given away for free.

This was really, and this is the sample really that sorts the men from the boys in terms of it has so many challenges with the trees, with the water, with the grass, with the motion, with the...

I don't think there's still been any public test sequence as good as that these days.

You could show clearly that encoders with high PSNR will blur everything.

And you could see, actually, I could turn on psychovisual stuff, I could turn off adaptive quantization, and it would just look so much better.

But your metrics, and these metrics are, at the time, were considered so holy.

These are the holy metrics that are untouchable.

PSNR is the most important thing.

That's what Netflix have been trying to do with VMAF.

They said they've used a machine learning model.

that's a more recent thing but back in when x86 was being developed that's by eye it was by eye it was developers on their laptops so it's not like even with big companies with professional screens or anything it's and that was actually one of the goals which was i don't the developers at the time lauren merit in particular is i don't want to test this on a thirty thousand dollar screen it's i want this to look good on someone's laptop at home

One of my favorite films, Cinema Paradiso, I know the engineer who created the Blu-ray and he showed me the comparisons of X264 versus others and

It's completely different.

And I think a bunch of guys in the Blu-ray world started using x264.

I think the big one was Chris Henderson from Warner Brothers.