Jennifer Burns

And he also is very attuned. It's interesting in his later writings when he's thinking about this to, sure, I could design a monetary system that would be different. But when I look at history... I see that monetary systems have always, say, incorporated the role of the state because it's so important to people.

And he also is very attuned. It's interesting in his later writings when he's thinking about this to, sure, I could design a monetary system that would be different. But when I look at history... I see that monetary systems have always, say, incorporated the role of the state because it's so important to people.

And so therefore, my theoretical designs really have to be tempered by what I've actually seen happen in history.

And so therefore, my theoretical designs really have to be tempered by what I've actually seen happen in history.

And so therefore, my theoretical designs really have to be tempered by what I've actually seen happen in history.

Yeah. So this was one of the discoveries I made in my research. I found a paper from 1938. He wrote advocating what we would call today a universal basic income, a minimum income. And he basically sees this as part of the effort to create a new liberalism.

Yeah. So this was one of the discoveries I made in my research. I found a paper from 1938. He wrote advocating what we would call today a universal basic income, a minimum income. And he basically sees this as part of the effort to create a new liberalism.

Yeah. So this was one of the discoveries I made in my research. I found a paper from 1938. He wrote advocating what we would call today a universal basic income, a minimum income. And he basically sees this as part of the effort to create a new liberalism.

And he basically says, we have advanced societies, we have prosperous societies, we have decided in keeping with our morals and our ethics that people should not be starving in an advanced society like this. The question is, how are we going to make that happen? he ended up believing the best thing to do was to put a floor under everybody. And he said, you get that based on your income.

And he basically says, we have advanced societies, we have prosperous societies, we have decided in keeping with our morals and our ethics that people should not be starving in an advanced society like this. The question is, how are we going to make that happen? he ended up believing the best thing to do was to put a floor under everybody. And he said, you get that based on your income.

And he basically says, we have advanced societies, we have prosperous societies, we have decided in keeping with our morals and our ethics that people should not be starving in an advanced society like this. The question is, how are we going to make that happen? he ended up believing the best thing to do was to put a floor under everybody. And he said, you get that based on your income.

If you have a lot of income, you don't get it. If you have a little income, you might get a little bit of it. If you have no income, you get enough of it. And he believed in the beginning, you should base that on, you know, what was required to buy food, right? That that would be kind of an objective. You could objectively determine the nutrition and the price of food. And so that for him is,

If you have a lot of income, you don't get it. If you have a little income, you might get a little bit of it. If you have no income, you get enough of it. And he believed in the beginning, you should base that on, you know, what was required to buy food, right? That that would be kind of an objective. You could objectively determine the nutrition and the price of food. And so that for him is,

If you have a lot of income, you don't get it. If you have a little income, you might get a little bit of it. If you have no income, you get enough of it. And he believed in the beginning, you should base that on, you know, what was required to buy food, right? That that would be kind of an objective. You could objectively determine the nutrition and the price of food. And so that for him is,

It's important, he says, it's keeping with a liberal polity because it's not intervening in the price system. It's not intervening in economic relations. And it does not, in his view, require a bureaucracy to administer. It does not, in his view, require that you qualify for it by virtue of being in a protected class.

It's important, he says, it's keeping with a liberal polity because it's not intervening in the price system. It's not intervening in economic relations. And it does not, in his view, require a bureaucracy to administer. It does not, in his view, require that you qualify for it by virtue of being in a protected class.

It's important, he says, it's keeping with a liberal polity because it's not intervening in the price system. It's not intervening in economic relations. And it does not, in his view, require a bureaucracy to administer. It does not, in his view, require that you qualify for it by virtue of being in a protected class.

You just get it as kind of part of your membership in this general citizenship body. And so... That to him was really different than a minimum wage because it did not interfere with the work bargain. His belief about minimum wages was specifically that it priced out unskilled labor, that what an unskilled laborer had to offer was a willingness to work for a very low wage.

You just get it as kind of part of your membership in this general citizenship body. And so... That to him was really different than a minimum wage because it did not interfere with the work bargain. His belief about minimum wages was specifically that it priced out unskilled labor, that what an unskilled laborer had to offer was a willingness to work for a very low wage.

You just get it as kind of part of your membership in this general citizenship body. And so... That to him was really different than a minimum wage because it did not interfere with the work bargain. His belief about minimum wages was specifically that it priced out unskilled labor, that what an unskilled laborer had to offer was a willingness to work for a very low wage.