John Rewich
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It also beat analysts' expectations.
A Reuters poll predicted export growth of 6%.
Imports also jumped in September, up 7.4% from the same month last year, according to government statistics.
The strong numbers could be wind in the sails of Chinese trade negotiators as the two countries face an impasse ahead of a planned meeting between Chinese leader Xi Jinping and President Trump in South Korea around the end of the month.
Beijing introduced fresh measures to control exports of rare earth minerals last week.
President Trump responded by announcing a sharp increase in tariffs on Chinese goods and limits on software exports to China.
John Rewich, NPR News, Beijing.
China's Commerce Ministry said new US port fees on Chinese ships and the addition of Chinese firms to a trade blacklist had severely harmed China's interests and undermined the atmosphere for bilateral economic and trade talks.
Beijing responded in kind, adding American firms to a Chinese trade blacklist and imposing port fees on US ships.
It also widened curbs on exports of rare earth minerals.
President Trump labeled that move very hostile and announced that he would retaliate by jacking tariffs on Chinese imports up another 100% next month.
Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping are slated to meet in South Korea in the coming weeks, but the renewed trade friction cast doubt over the rare summit.
John Rewich, NPR News, Beijing.
The Trump administration last month said the government will start charging $100,000 for every new H-1B visa that it issues.
The visas are used to bring skilled workers into the American economy from abroad.
President Trump says the program has been exploited to replace, rather than supplement, American workers.
Critics say the new fee will make it harder to fill critical jobs.
The lawsuit was filed in federal court in Northern California.
It argues that Trump does not have the authority to impose such a fee and asks for it to be blocked.
The plaintiffs include unions representing workers and college professors, a nurse staffing agency, and religious organizations.