Jonathan V. Last

Nazism was notoriously bureaucratic. You can go to the camps and look at the offices where they kept the bureaucrats, kept the meticulous records of everything they're doing. Patrimonialism is just, it's way more ad hoc. It's okay, I'm going to fire the people who are there and I'm going to replace them with personal loyalists. And you can go through the whole government, do that.

What you do is you snip the tendons of the institutional state, what they call the deep state. But that's the rule-based authorities where you do regulation by formal rulemaking. And you replace that with regulation is whatever I say it is today. That's why we have chaos in trade. The new rule under patrimonialism, the government belongs to the head of state.

What you do is you snip the tendons of the institutional state, what they call the deep state. But that's the rule-based authorities where you do regulation by formal rulemaking. And you replace that with regulation is whatever I say it is today. That's why we have chaos in trade. The new rule under patrimonialism, the government belongs to the head of state.

What you do is you snip the tendons of the institutional state, what they call the deep state. But that's the rule-based authorities where you do regulation by formal rulemaking. And you replace that with regulation is whatever I say it is today. That's why we have chaos in trade. The new rule under patrimonialism, the government belongs to the head of state.

It's his personal business, and he's decided this morning that he wants to raise tariffs. Tomorrow he'll decide to lower tariffs. Nothing bureaucratic, nothing systematic, nothing institutional. So that's what they're doing. We see this around the world. It does have two fatal flaws, and that's how you get at it. You focus on those flaws.

It's his personal business, and he's decided this morning that he wants to raise tariffs. Tomorrow he'll decide to lower tariffs. Nothing bureaucratic, nothing systematic, nothing institutional. So that's what they're doing. We see this around the world. It does have two fatal flaws, and that's how you get at it. You focus on those flaws.

It's his personal business, and he's decided this morning that he wants to raise tariffs. Tomorrow he'll decide to lower tariffs. Nothing bureaucratic, nothing systematic, nothing institutional. So that's what they're doing. We see this around the world. It does have two fatal flaws, and that's how you get at it. You focus on those flaws.

Not sure if you remember it. Are you going to do this to me?

Not sure if you remember it. Are you going to do this to me?

Not sure if you remember it. Are you going to do this to me?

Well, most of your audience has. And they'll remember that a businessman who's on the level comes to The Godfather for help to get justice for his daughter. And what Marlon Brando, what Don Corleone says is, so now you come to me. You went to the police first. The state didn't help you. Now you come to me and you want my help. But you have not been my friend.

Well, most of your audience has. And they'll remember that a businessman who's on the level comes to The Godfather for help to get justice for his daughter. And what Marlon Brando, what Don Corleone says is, so now you come to me. You went to the police first. The state didn't help you. Now you come to me and you want my help. But you have not been my friend.

Well, most of your audience has. And they'll remember that a businessman who's on the level comes to The Godfather for help to get justice for his daughter. And what Marlon Brando, what Don Corleone says is, so now you come to me. You went to the police first. The state didn't help you. Now you come to me and you want my help. But you have not been my friend.

Why didn't you come to me from the start? Because being my friend, that's what matters. And in order to get what the man needs as the scene ends, he kisses the godfather's ring. He pledges personal loyalty to the godfather. And that's a lot of what this is all about. It's enforcing personal loyalty and turning the state into the embodiment of the will of a single person.

Why didn't you come to me from the start? Because being my friend, that's what matters. And in order to get what the man needs as the scene ends, he kisses the godfather's ring. He pledges personal loyalty to the godfather. And that's a lot of what this is all about. It's enforcing personal loyalty and turning the state into the embodiment of the will of a single person.

Why didn't you come to me from the start? Because being my friend, that's what matters. And in order to get what the man needs as the scene ends, he kisses the godfather's ring. He pledges personal loyalty to the godfather. And that's a lot of what this is all about. It's enforcing personal loyalty and turning the state into the embodiment of the will of a single person.

And in a, you know, in a pretty random ad hoc way. That's kind of the point, right?

And in a, you know, in a pretty random ad hoc way. That's kind of the point, right?

And in a, you know, in a pretty random ad hoc way. That's kind of the point, right?

Well, let's talk about them serially because they're both important and they're different. Patrimonialism was the standard form of government until, you know, the modern state, basically more or less until, you know, the United States and was actually very common then until the late 19th century when we professionalized the government and until Otto von Bismarck and the modern state.