Julie Su

They came from the Pearl River Delta area. These trade ports of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Canton were opening up to the world.

I am a Richter Professor Emerita in the Political Science Department at Swarthmore College.

I am a Richter Professor Emerita in the Political Science Department at Swarthmore College.

I am a Richter Professor Emerita in the Political Science Department at Swarthmore College.

The name of the book is American by Birth, Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship.

The name of the book is American by Birth, Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship.

The name of the book is American by Birth, Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship.

They were engaged in provisioning. They were merchants.

They were engaged in provisioning. They were merchants.

They were engaged in provisioning. They were merchants.

They were largely servicing a Chinese clientele.

They were largely servicing a Chinese clientele.

They were largely servicing a Chinese clientele.

All the time he was in the United States, he lived within about a quarter mile of the place where he was born.

All the time he was in the United States, he lived within about a quarter mile of the place where he was born.

All the time he was in the United States, he lived within about a quarter mile of the place where he was born.

They had lawyers on retainer. Some of these lawyers were extremely well positioned. Some of them had had positions in the federal government. Some of them had argued before the Supreme Court. Some of them were working for the railroads. And the businessmen wanted the Chinese that they had brought over to get into the country.

They had lawyers on retainer. Some of these lawyers were extremely well positioned. Some of them had had positions in the federal government. Some of them had argued before the Supreme Court. Some of them were working for the railroads. And the businessmen wanted the Chinese that they had brought over to get into the country.

They had lawyers on retainer. Some of these lawyers were extremely well positioned. Some of them had had positions in the federal government. Some of them had argued before the Supreme Court. Some of them were working for the railroads. And the businessmen wanted the Chinese that they had brought over to get into the country.

If the sons and daughters of Chinese are not citizens, then what of the sons and daughters of the English, the Irish, the Germans, the French, other people who have come to the United States? If you are not a citizen upon being born on this soil, then none of those others are citizens either.