Ken Goldberg

That I think is helpful for people to understand why we've made all this progress in these, quote, hard problems like playing chess and go.

That I think is helpful for people to understand why we've made all this progress in these, quote, hard problems like playing chess and go.

But we really haven't made much progress in just being able to like clear the coffee table.

But we really haven't made much progress in just being able to like clear the coffee table.

But we really haven't made much progress in just being able to like clear the coffee table.

You're right. The muscles in the human body, there are hundreds of muscles and bones, and they pull in all these nuanced ways. And we have the skin that's very complex. What's amazing is how much we don't know about human biology. We don't understand how touch works. Touch is incredibly complex. Like we can feel things that are so small. They're much smaller than human hair.

You're right. The muscles in the human body, there are hundreds of muscles and bones, and they pull in all these nuanced ways. And we have the skin that's very complex. What's amazing is how much we don't know about human biology. We don't understand how touch works. Touch is incredibly complex. Like we can feel things that are so small. They're much smaller than human hair.

You're right. The muscles in the human body, there are hundreds of muscles and bones, and they pull in all these nuanced ways. And we have the skin that's very complex. What's amazing is how much we don't know about human biology. We don't understand how touch works. Touch is incredibly complex. Like we can feel things that are so small. They're much smaller than human hair.

We can perceive up to very complex vibrations and other things. You add in temperature we can feel.

We can perceive up to very complex vibrations and other things. You add in temperature we can feel.

We can perceive up to very complex vibrations and other things. You add in temperature we can feel.

When I was in undergrad, I tried to use electricity to do that, and it failed. It did not work. Okay. But what people are using now is light. Okay. And they transform the touch into light. And so imagine that you have a little camera in your fingertip. It's looking inside at a pad from the bottom. And so when the pad gets indented, you see the pattern of what it's touching. Okay.

When I was in undergrad, I tried to use electricity to do that, and it failed. It did not work. Okay. But what people are using now is light. Okay. And they transform the touch into light. And so imagine that you have a little camera in your fingertip. It's looking inside at a pad from the bottom. And so when the pad gets indented, you see the pattern of what it's touching. Okay.

When I was in undergrad, I tried to use electricity to do that, and it failed. It did not work. Okay. But what people are using now is light. Okay. And they transform the touch into light. And so imagine that you have a little camera in your fingertip. It's looking inside at a pad from the bottom. And so when the pad gets indented, you see the pattern of what it's touching. Okay.

So there's like a membrane, and above that, the membrane's being observed? That's exactly what it is. But what happens is the membrane gets rubbed off, or over time, those sensors get deformed, and so it doesn't solve the problem. It's just the latest method that we're trying. Great.

So there's like a membrane, and above that, the membrane's being observed? That's exactly what it is. But what happens is the membrane gets rubbed off, or over time, those sensors get deformed, and so it doesn't solve the problem. It's just the latest method that we're trying. Great.

So there's like a membrane, and above that, the membrane's being observed? That's exactly what it is. But what happens is the membrane gets rubbed off, or over time, those sensors get deformed, and so it doesn't solve the problem. It's just the latest method that we're trying. Great.

Multi-celled organism. You're right. The Roomba is the most successful robot of all time. So when they count robots out there, they count these Roombas where there's like 10 million of those. But that's the robot, right? And it's very simple. It's basically just random motion. And over time, it does cover your carpet. And it's pretty reliable.

Multi-celled organism. You're right. The Roomba is the most successful robot of all time. So when they count robots out there, they count these Roombas where there's like 10 million of those. But that's the robot, right? And it's very simple. It's basically just random motion. And over time, it does cover your carpet. And it's pretty reliable.

Multi-celled organism. You're right. The Roomba is the most successful robot of all time. So when they count robots out there, they count these Roombas where there's like 10 million of those. But that's the robot, right? And it's very simple. It's basically just random motion. And over time, it does cover your carpet. And it's pretty reliable.