Kenneth McKendrick

shame or disgust or anger.

That sounds fun.

So all of these things are mechanisms that we have at our disposal for accomplishing certain kinds of things.

And that might be to get more viewers, but it might be to tell a good story to friends at a bonfire or something.

yeah uh i mean yes and no what do you mean by evil right now yeah i know exactly i'll stop i'll stop it um i'm pretty sure animals have a notion of health and harm to some degree maybe not like there's some pretty dumb animals that just get squished pretty easily right like i think dangerous versions registered for animals sentient creatures of all sorts i think have a sense of dangers and they have a sense of things that they avoid and things that they're attracted to

Like, it's something that we can infer in animal behavior, that they have some sense of healthiness and of maybe toxicity, and they have some sense of harm, and they have some sense of well-being.

You know, when we look at studies on play in animals, we see that animals play and learn and that kind of thing, and human beings do the same thing.

So there's a massive amount of overlap between human beings and animals.

I wouldn't say there's good and evil in the animal world, but I would say that there's things that animals avoid and they learn to avoid them.

But then there's probably also a pretty wide range of instinctual sort of hardwired mapping systems which dictate to the mind or the animals how to behave right away, almost right from birth.

We've got a few of those processes, too.

You can never have too much classification, can you?

That's a good point.

Yeah.

I mean, one of the really exciting things about, you know, being an academic is that we're constantly trying to find new ways of describing the world around us.

And sometimes that involves inventing new words and new ways of thinking about things.

Adolescents are great at this.

They invent words all the time or they use words in novel ways all the time.

And poetry does this and amazing lyricists do this as well.

And these offer us new ways of approaching something.