Kieran Kunhya

However, each generation gives you a bump between 25% and 50% more compression for the same quality.

And so you had the MPEG-2, you had the DivX area, you have H.264, which was changing.

H.264 improved so much.

And then you had more.

You had HEVC, you had VP9 at the same time of HEVC.

VP9 is a bit similar to HEVC in terms of quality compression.

But it's royalty free because in multimedia, there is a ton of patents and the licensing after H.264 became out of hand and could cost hundreds of millions of dollars per year.

So it made no sense.

So Google did this VP9 and the Alliance for Open Media did this new codec called AV1.

So you can imagine that AV1 saves between 40 and 60% less bandwidth than H.264 for the same quality, visual quality.

At a given bitrate.

At a given bitrate, right?

So that's really like you increase the quality.

Either you set the bitrate and you increase the quality or you set the quality and you decrease your bitrate.

But because now you move from SD to HD and HD to 4K and 4K to 4K HDR, like you increasing the size by like two, factor two, three, four, right?

So you need to have better compression to keep it in terms of something that is manageable.

It's more complex because the encoder needs to search more possibilities, right?

So, for example, one of the things that is easy to understand is...

to predict a block, a color block to another, you have directions, right?

So you can go left, right, bottom, up, and then in terms of like the other quadrants, right?