Kristen Hayashi

And by that time, it becomes a very problematic process to get home to Japan. It's a lot easier to stay, especially after 1907, when there's an agreement for families to come. And that really that's the root of this right now. This is the beginning of the settlement.

Exactly. Yeah. And, you know, a lot of these Issei were recruited from prefectures in Japan that were known for agriculture. And so they come to states like California and they're, you know, they're working in agriculture. And so we talked about the gentleman's agreement being passed in 1907.

Exactly. Yeah. And, you know, a lot of these Issei were recruited from prefectures in Japan that were known for agriculture. And so they come to states like California and they're, you know, they're working in agriculture. And so we talked about the gentleman's agreement being passed in 1907.

Exactly. Yeah. And, you know, a lot of these Issei were recruited from prefectures in Japan that were known for agriculture. And so they come to states like California and they're, you know, they're working in agriculture. And so we talked about the gentleman's agreement being passed in 1907.

Just a few years later, by 1913, California and other states in the West, they passed the alien land law, which means that aliens ineligible for citizenship, which in this case are Japanese immigrants and other immigrants from Asia. that they're unable to purchase land. And this is a way to really hinder the economic and social mobility of these Issei, Japanese immigrants.

Just a few years later, by 1913, California and other states in the West, they passed the alien land law, which means that aliens ineligible for citizenship, which in this case are Japanese immigrants and other immigrants from Asia. that they're unable to purchase land. And this is a way to really hinder the economic and social mobility of these Issei, Japanese immigrants.

Just a few years later, by 1913, California and other states in the West, they passed the alien land law, which means that aliens ineligible for citizenship, which in this case are Japanese immigrants and other immigrants from Asia. that they're unable to purchase land. And this is a way to really hinder the economic and social mobility of these Issei, Japanese immigrants.

So they're able to lease land, but the legislation becomes more stringent in the 1920s to the point where sometimes they're not even able to lease land.

So they're able to lease land, but the legislation becomes more stringent in the 1920s to the point where sometimes they're not even able to lease land.

So they're able to lease land, but the legislation becomes more stringent in the 1920s to the point where sometimes they're not even able to lease land.

I want to understand how much of what had happened to the Chinese, and that goes back to 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act, is now being projected upon these Japanese. Is it really as simple as that? Or are there certain issues to do with Japan that these Californians are worried about?

I want to understand how much of what had happened to the Chinese, and that goes back to 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act, is now being projected upon these Japanese. Is it really as simple as that? Or are there certain issues to do with Japan that these Californians are worried about?

I want to understand how much of what had happened to the Chinese, and that goes back to 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act, is now being projected upon these Japanese. Is it really as simple as that? Or are there certain issues to do with Japan that these Californians are worried about?

Well, I think in the early part of the 20th century that we're talking about, I think it really is that there's a very, you know, hostile social climate here in California. You know, I think when we talk about the U.S. and we talk about racism, prejudice, segregation, we think of that as being, you know,

Well, I think in the early part of the 20th century that we're talking about, I think it really is that there's a very, you know, hostile social climate here in California. You know, I think when we talk about the U.S. and we talk about racism, prejudice, segregation, we think of that as being, you know,

Well, I think in the early part of the 20th century that we're talking about, I think it really is that there's a very, you know, hostile social climate here in California. You know, I think when we talk about the U.S. and we talk about racism, prejudice, segregation, we think of that as being, you know,

in certain parts of the country not in the west but i think it really illustrates that you know los angeles was a very discriminatory and and you know racist place so i think it's the same forces that are sort of against both chinese immigrants and japanese immigrants at that time but then you know i do think that geopolitics does play a role especially like kind of leading into world war ii as japan becomes more aggressive in asia i think that does also have an influence

in certain parts of the country not in the west but i think it really illustrates that you know los angeles was a very discriminatory and and you know racist place so i think it's the same forces that are sort of against both chinese immigrants and japanese immigrants at that time but then you know i do think that geopolitics does play a role especially like kind of leading into world war ii as japan becomes more aggressive in asia i think that does also have an influence

in certain parts of the country not in the west but i think it really illustrates that you know los angeles was a very discriminatory and and you know racist place so i think it's the same forces that are sort of against both chinese immigrants and japanese immigrants at that time but then you know i do think that geopolitics does play a role especially like kind of leading into world war ii as japan becomes more aggressive in asia i think that does also have an influence

over how Japanese immigrants and their descendants are sort of treated in the United States.