Kyle Harper

But then on top of that, you probably do have some kind of population difference in the exposure and possibly even immunity to infectious diseases.

So I definitely think that –

early farmers, the first farming societies that are starting to live sedentary lifestyles where you have aggregations.

These are not cities.

These are villages.

But still, that's more than like a hunter-gatherer band.

And your childhood is then going to be constant exposure to

to a series of pathogens, those kinds of populations, when they're then migrating into Europe, are probably carrying these pathogens with them that may have had a kind of further effect that on top of just being able to extract more energy and multiply faster, drives up the mortality of the existing populations.

Yeah, I mean, don't, like, make me swear, but it's, like, more like four than six.

Right.

Because women who are, you know, moving with a foraging van, you know, miles and miles on foot.

on average a day, and also carrying kids, are going to have very different life history than sedentary populations.

And that's very clear.

Yeah.

Short answer.

Yes.

Long answer.

We know that in the modern world, like say over the last 250 years, first in Western European societies and their settler offshoots and then

more globally and more rapidly globally, there have been really deep physiological changes in the average human, right?

So we're talking about populations with distributions.