Lee Cronin

If you could find molecules, say, greater than 350 molecular weight with more than 15 fragments, you have found artifacts that can only be produced, at least on Earth, by life. Now, you would say, oh, well, maybe the geological process. I would argue very vehemently that that is not the case. But we can say, look, if you don't like the cutoff on Earth, go up higher, 30, 100, right?

Because there's going to be a point where you'll find a molecule with so many different parts, the chances of you getting a molecule that has 100 different parts is... And finding a million identical copies, you know, that's just impossible. That could never happen in an infinite set of universes.

Because there's going to be a point where you'll find a molecule with so many different parts, the chances of you getting a molecule that has 100 different parts is... And finding a million identical copies, you know, that's just impossible. That could never happen in an infinite set of universes.

Because there's going to be a point where you'll find a molecule with so many different parts, the chances of you getting a molecule that has 100 different parts is... And finding a million identical copies, you know, that's just impossible. That could never happen in an infinite set of universes.

Yeah, that was so interesting. And I... Always understood the copy number was really important, but I never explained it properly for ages. And I kept having this, it goes back to this, if I give you a, I don't know, a really complicated molecule, and I say it's complicated, you could say, hey, that's really complicated, but is it just really random?

Yeah, that was so interesting. And I... Always understood the copy number was really important, but I never explained it properly for ages. And I kept having this, it goes back to this, if I give you a, I don't know, a really complicated molecule, and I say it's complicated, you could say, hey, that's really complicated, but is it just really random?

Yeah, that was so interesting. And I... Always understood the copy number was really important, but I never explained it properly for ages. And I kept having this, it goes back to this, if I give you a, I don't know, a really complicated molecule, and I say it's complicated, you could say, hey, that's really complicated, but is it just really random?

And so I realized that ultimate randomness and ultimate complexity are indistinguishable. Until you can see a structure in the randomness. So you can see copies.

And so I realized that ultimate randomness and ultimate complexity are indistinguishable. Until you can see a structure in the randomness. So you can see copies.

And so I realized that ultimate randomness and ultimate complexity are indistinguishable. Until you can see a structure in the randomness. So you can see copies.

Yeah. The factory.

Yeah. The factory.

Yeah. The factory.

it's it's all to do with the the telescope or the microscope you're using and so at the maximum resolution so in the nice thing about the nice thing about chemists is they have this concept of the molecule and they're all familiar with a molecule and molecules you can hold you know on your hand and lots of them identical copies a molecule is actually a super important thing in chemistry to say look you can have a mole of a molecule so an avogadro's number of molecules

it's it's all to do with the the telescope or the microscope you're using and so at the maximum resolution so in the nice thing about the nice thing about chemists is they have this concept of the molecule and they're all familiar with a molecule and molecules you can hold you know on your hand and lots of them identical copies a molecule is actually a super important thing in chemistry to say look you can have a mole of a molecule so an avogadro's number of molecules

it's it's all to do with the the telescope or the microscope you're using and so at the maximum resolution so in the nice thing about the nice thing about chemists is they have this concept of the molecule and they're all familiar with a molecule and molecules you can hold you know on your hand and lots of them identical copies a molecule is actually a super important thing in chemistry to say look you can have a mole of a molecule so an avogadro's number of molecules

And they're identical. What does that mean? That means that the molecular composition, the bonding and so on, the configuration is indistinguishable. You can hold them together. You can overlay them. So the way I do it is if I say, here's a bag of 10 identical molecules. Let's prove they're identical. You pick one out of the bag and you basically observe it using some technique.

And they're identical. What does that mean? That means that the molecular composition, the bonding and so on, the configuration is indistinguishable. You can hold them together. You can overlay them. So the way I do it is if I say, here's a bag of 10 identical molecules. Let's prove they're identical. You pick one out of the bag and you basically observe it using some technique.

And they're identical. What does that mean? That means that the molecular composition, the bonding and so on, the configuration is indistinguishable. You can hold them together. You can overlay them. So the way I do it is if I say, here's a bag of 10 identical molecules. Let's prove they're identical. You pick one out of the bag and you basically observe it using some technique.

And then you take it away and then you take another one out. If you observe it using technique, you see no differences. They're identical. It's really interesting to get right because if you take, say, two molecules, molecules can be in different vibrational and rotational states. They're moving all the time. So with this respect, identical molecules have identical bonding.