Lindsay Powell

And one of the consequences is that he never had any serious opposition through his reign. There were assassination attempts and there were a couple of challenges, but they were dealt with and it never came to be anything big. And always he had his praetorians, of course. And even inside the palace, there was this group of German bodyguards, which in a sense goes all the way back to Julius Caesar.

And one of the consequences is that he never had any serious opposition through his reign. There were assassination attempts and there were a couple of challenges, but they were dealt with and it never came to be anything big. And always he had his praetorians, of course. And even inside the palace, there was this group of German bodyguards, which in a sense goes all the way back to Julius Caesar.

And one of the consequences is that he never had any serious opposition through his reign. There were assassination attempts and there were a couple of challenges, but they were dealt with and it never came to be anything big. And always he had his praetorians, of course. And even inside the palace, there was this group of German bodyguards, which in a sense goes all the way back to Julius Caesar.

And you have to imagine there, it was the foreignness of it. These must have been pretty intimidating Dutch guys, Batavians, who guarded him personally. And there was this idea that the Romans are on the outside and these barbarian people are on the inside.

And you have to imagine there, it was the foreignness of it. These must have been pretty intimidating Dutch guys, Batavians, who guarded him personally. And there was this idea that the Romans are on the outside and these barbarian people are on the inside.

And you have to imagine there, it was the foreignness of it. These must have been pretty intimidating Dutch guys, Batavians, who guarded him personally. And there was this idea that the Romans are on the outside and these barbarian people are on the inside.

But the fact that they were intensely loyal to him, it only changed in 9 AD under Varus, where there was a suspicion that, hold on, these are Germans, aren't they? We have to be careful. So he apparently sends them away and later brings them back. But what you end up with is very interesting. So Italy is very much a special case. So you've got Rome with this triad of forces.

But the fact that they were intensely loyal to him, it only changed in 9 AD under Varus, where there was a suspicion that, hold on, these are Germans, aren't they? We have to be careful. So he apparently sends them away and later brings them back. But what you end up with is very interesting. So Italy is very much a special case. So you've got Rome with this triad of forces.

But the fact that they were intensely loyal to him, it only changed in 9 AD under Varus, where there was a suspicion that, hold on, these are Germans, aren't they? We have to be careful. So he apparently sends them away and later brings them back. But what you end up with is very interesting. So Italy is very much a special case. So you've got Rome with this triad of forces.

You have the Praetorians, you have the Vigiles, and they also have the urban cohorts who have slightly different functions. And then if we fast forward then to 23 AD, where, say, Arnus, we're going to come to him, I'm sure, one of the things that he does is actually to build the first camp and brings them all together, which is a very important moment.

You have the Praetorians, you have the Vigiles, and they also have the urban cohorts who have slightly different functions. And then if we fast forward then to 23 AD, where, say, Arnus, we're going to come to him, I'm sure, one of the things that he does is actually to build the first camp and brings them all together, which is a very important moment.

You have the Praetorians, you have the Vigiles, and they also have the urban cohorts who have slightly different functions. And then if we fast forward then to 23 AD, where, say, Arnus, we're going to come to him, I'm sure, one of the things that he does is actually to build the first camp and brings them all together, which is a very important moment.

Up to that point, there have been these tribunes. And again, the pragmatic way that Augustus works is, It's very hard for him to have, with all of these legati he's got to control, and thinking about this for a second, every year he's choosing a vast number of people for particular roles, which hints at him as a man-manager.

Up to that point, there have been these tribunes. And again, the pragmatic way that Augustus works is, It's very hard for him to have, with all of these legati he's got to control, and thinking about this for a second, every year he's choosing a vast number of people for particular roles, which hints at him as a man-manager.

Up to that point, there have been these tribunes. And again, the pragmatic way that Augustus works is, It's very hard for him to have, with all of these legati he's got to control, and thinking about this for a second, every year he's choosing a vast number of people for particular roles, which hints at him as a man-manager.

If you think about it, he has all the legionary legates that he has to pick on an annual – sometimes it might be three years – basis. So there are 28 of those. So he has to know who those people are because he's going to be trusting them. In charge of them are the governors of his province. So there are something like 13 of those, that sort of number.

If you think about it, he has all the legionary legates that he has to pick on an annual – sometimes it might be three years – basis. So there are 28 of those. So he has to know who those people are because he's going to be trusting them. In charge of them are the governors of his province. So there are something like 13 of those, that sort of number.

If you think about it, he has all the legionary legates that he has to pick on an annual – sometimes it might be three years – basis. So there are 28 of those. So he has to know who those people are because he's going to be trusting them. In charge of them are the governors of his province. So there are something like 13 of those, that sort of number.

And they will control the armies within their areas. He will choose all the prefects in charge of all the auxiliary units. He'll choose for Judea, for Egypt, and for other units he has important. It's a vast number of people he's got to keep track of. if you think. So one way he deals with this is, instead of having nine tribunes, is to have two, what he calls praefecti praetorio.

And they will control the armies within their areas. He will choose all the prefects in charge of all the auxiliary units. He'll choose for Judea, for Egypt, and for other units he has important. It's a vast number of people he's got to keep track of. if you think. So one way he deals with this is, instead of having nine tribunes, is to have two, what he calls praefecti praetorio.