Lindsey Graham

So then at long last, we have our first Black cadet admitted to West Point. This is a long experience and a very difficult one for these men. They have to be nominated, then admitted, and then they have to endure several years of mistreatment and rigorous classes, and then they actually have to graduate. In total, how many completed this gauntlet?

So then at long last, we have our first Black cadet admitted to West Point. This is a long experience and a very difficult one for these men. They have to be nominated, then admitted, and then they have to endure several years of mistreatment and rigorous classes, and then they actually have to graduate. In total, how many completed this gauntlet?

So then at long last, we have our first Black cadet admitted to West Point. This is a long experience and a very difficult one for these men. They have to be nominated, then admitted, and then they have to endure several years of mistreatment and rigorous classes, and then they actually have to graduate. In total, how many completed this gauntlet?

Now, while it was novel for West Point to receive Black cadets, it was absolutely unheard of for these Black cadets to find themselves at West Point. This was a very new environment for them. What was it like? Where did they live? Where did they eat? How was their life on campus?

Now, while it was novel for West Point to receive Black cadets, it was absolutely unheard of for these Black cadets to find themselves at West Point. This was a very new environment for them. What was it like? Where did they live? Where did they eat? How was their life on campus?

Now, while it was novel for West Point to receive Black cadets, it was absolutely unheard of for these Black cadets to find themselves at West Point. This was a very new environment for them. What was it like? Where did they live? Where did they eat? How was their life on campus?

And I would imagine silencing, a tradition of abuse ingrained at West Point, is the least of it. We know that they faced all sorts of different abuse.

And I would imagine silencing, a tradition of abuse ingrained at West Point, is the least of it. We know that they faced all sorts of different abuse.

And I would imagine silencing, a tradition of abuse ingrained at West Point, is the least of it. We know that they faced all sorts of different abuse.

You're describing a West Point that is largely at war with itself and the changing times. These Black cadets felt the brunt of this war, of course, but I also wonder what was happening at the top. Those officers and administrators that are able to witness and make decisions, what did they do to perhaps address the racism and attacks on Black cadets?

You're describing a West Point that is largely at war with itself and the changing times. These Black cadets felt the brunt of this war, of course, but I also wonder what was happening at the top. Those officers and administrators that are able to witness and make decisions, what did they do to perhaps address the racism and attacks on Black cadets?

You're describing a West Point that is largely at war with itself and the changing times. These Black cadets felt the brunt of this war, of course, but I also wonder what was happening at the top. Those officers and administrators that are able to witness and make decisions, what did they do to perhaps address the racism and attacks on Black cadets?

This assailant pulls out a weapon and starts firing at him.

This assailant pulls out a weapon and starts firing at him.

This assailant pulls out a weapon and starts firing at him.

So it very well could be said that James Webster Smith paved the way for Henry O. Flipper and all other Black cadets that followed to be successful in terms of just reducing the amount of abuse and violence to be endured.

So it very well could be said that James Webster Smith paved the way for Henry O. Flipper and all other Black cadets that followed to be successful in terms of just reducing the amount of abuse and violence to be endured.

So it very well could be said that James Webster Smith paved the way for Henry O. Flipper and all other Black cadets that followed to be successful in terms of just reducing the amount of abuse and violence to be endured.

So, of course, though, we did have the first Black cadet to graduate, Henry O. Flipper, but tell us a little bit about the ones who followed in his footsteps.

So, of course, though, we did have the first Black cadet to graduate, Henry O. Flipper, but tell us a little bit about the ones who followed in his footsteps.