Lindsey Graham

But the use of muskets and cannon on the battlefield is still rare, with widespread belief that there is more honor in fighting with swords. Nadir, however, cares more about victory than honor. He invests heavily in the latest artillery and muskets and carefully trains his soldiers how to use the weapons properly.

So when the battle comes, it is a clash between different fighting philosophies as much as different armies. The Afghans are fast-moving and ferocious. In contrast, Nadir's men are cautious and controlled, firing and moving as units in highly disciplined ranks. Their greater organization eventually pays off with victory over the men on horseback.

So when the battle comes, it is a clash between different fighting philosophies as much as different armies. The Afghans are fast-moving and ferocious. In contrast, Nadir's men are cautious and controlled, firing and moving as units in highly disciplined ranks. Their greater organization eventually pays off with victory over the men on horseback.

So when the battle comes, it is a clash between different fighting philosophies as much as different armies. The Afghans are fast-moving and ferocious. In contrast, Nadir's men are cautious and controlled, firing and moving as units in highly disciplined ranks. Their greater organization eventually pays off with victory over the men on horseback.

Following this defeat of the Afghan rebels, Tamas takes back the Persian throne. And as reward for his support, he appoints Nadir as governor of the eastern provinces and offers him the hand of his sister in marriage. Just as he hoped, Nadir is now one of the most powerful men in the land.

Following this defeat of the Afghan rebels, Tamas takes back the Persian throne. And as reward for his support, he appoints Nadir as governor of the eastern provinces and offers him the hand of his sister in marriage. Just as he hoped, Nadir is now one of the most powerful men in the land.

Following this defeat of the Afghan rebels, Tamas takes back the Persian throne. And as reward for his support, he appoints Nadir as governor of the eastern provinces and offers him the hand of his sister in marriage. Just as he hoped, Nadir is now one of the most powerful men in the land.

He follows up his military success against the Afghans by leading armies to reclaim Persian lands in the west and north. These territories were seized by Persia's enemies during the Afghan rebellion. But now Persia wants them back, and quickly, Nader wins a string of victories and steadily reclaims the land that was lost.

He follows up his military success against the Afghans by leading armies to reclaim Persian lands in the west and north. These territories were seized by Persia's enemies during the Afghan rebellion. But now Persia wants them back, and quickly, Nader wins a string of victories and steadily reclaims the land that was lost.

He follows up his military success against the Afghans by leading armies to reclaim Persian lands in the west and north. These territories were seized by Persia's enemies during the Afghan rebellion. But now Persia wants them back, and quickly, Nader wins a string of victories and steadily reclaims the land that was lost.

But his successes on the battlefield makes the new Shah, Tamas, increasingly wary of Nadir. For his part, Nadir considers the new Shah a weak man and quickly grows frustrated with his rule. So that in 1732, he runs out of patience and rises up against Temasp. He installs Temasp's infant son as the new Shah, but no one is in any doubt about where the true power lies in Persia.

But his successes on the battlefield makes the new Shah, Tamas, increasingly wary of Nadir. For his part, Nadir considers the new Shah a weak man and quickly grows frustrated with his rule. So that in 1732, he runs out of patience and rises up against Temasp. He installs Temasp's infant son as the new Shah, but no one is in any doubt about where the true power lies in Persia.

But his successes on the battlefield makes the new Shah, Tamas, increasingly wary of Nadir. For his part, Nadir considers the new Shah a weak man and quickly grows frustrated with his rule. So that in 1732, he runs out of patience and rises up against Temasp. He installs Temasp's infant son as the new Shah, but no one is in any doubt about where the true power lies in Persia.

But even having to pull puppet strings is soon too much for Nadir. Just a few years later, he sends the boy king into exile and claims the throne for himself. As the unchallenged Shah of Persia, Nader will look beyond the borders of his kingdom for fresh conquests, and soon his gaze will turn to India and the great wealth of the mighty Mughal Empire.

But even having to pull puppet strings is soon too much for Nadir. Just a few years later, he sends the boy king into exile and claims the throne for himself. As the unchallenged Shah of Persia, Nader will look beyond the borders of his kingdom for fresh conquests, and soon his gaze will turn to India and the great wealth of the mighty Mughal Empire.

But even having to pull puppet strings is soon too much for Nadir. Just a few years later, he sends the boy king into exile and claims the throne for himself. As the unchallenged Shah of Persia, Nader will look beyond the borders of his kingdom for fresh conquests, and soon his gaze will turn to India and the great wealth of the mighty Mughal Empire.

It's February 24th, 1739, at the Parisian encampment near Karnal in northern India, three years after Nadir Kohli became Nadir Shah, ruler of Persia. In his tent, 41-year-old Nadir Shah looks over a table of maps and charts as he and three of his most senior commanders make their plans for a coming battle.

It's February 24th, 1739, at the Parisian encampment near Karnal in northern India, three years after Nadir Kohli became Nadir Shah, ruler of Persia. In his tent, 41-year-old Nadir Shah looks over a table of maps and charts as he and three of his most senior commanders make their plans for a coming battle.

It's February 24th, 1739, at the Parisian encampment near Karnal in northern India, three years after Nadir Kohli became Nadir Shah, ruler of Persia. In his tent, 41-year-old Nadir Shah looks over a table of maps and charts as he and three of his most senior commanders make their plans for a coming battle.

Since he seized the throne, Nadir Shah has been devoted to one task, expanding the Persian Empire. He's already retaken the lands previously lost to the Ottomans and the Russians, and he's conquered the last strongholds held by the Afghan rebels who once threatened all of Persia. Now he's come to India.