Lisa Randall

That's a lot in a relatively short time, depending on how you think of time. So I think it would be premature to say we know the limitations.

That's a lot in a relatively short time, depending on how you think of time. So I think it would be premature to say we know the limitations.

Where we as various people, exactly.

Where we as various people, exactly.

Where we as various people, exactly.

So you could try to jump in and say, I have a theory that I think is so perfect that I can predict everything from it or at least predict some salient features from it.

So you could try to jump in and say, I have a theory that I think is so perfect that I can predict everything from it or at least predict some salient features from it.

So you could try to jump in and say, I have a theory that I think is so perfect that I can predict everything from it or at least predict some salient features from it.

That would be top-down. Bottom-up is more like the questions we just asked. Why are masses what they are? We measure things. We want to put them together. And usually a good approach is to combine the two. If you ask a very specific question, but combine it with the methods of... knowing that there could be a fundamental theory underlying it. Sometimes you make progress.

That would be top-down. Bottom-up is more like the questions we just asked. Why are masses what they are? We measure things. We want to put them together. And usually a good approach is to combine the two. If you ask a very specific question, but combine it with the methods of... knowing that there could be a fundamental theory underlying it. Sometimes you make progress.

That would be top-down. Bottom-up is more like the questions we just asked. Why are masses what they are? We measure things. We want to put them together. And usually a good approach is to combine the two. If you ask a very specific question, but combine it with the methods of... knowing that there could be a fundamental theory underlying it. Sometimes you make progress.

I mean, sometimes, you know, the community tends to get segmented or fragmented into people who do one or the other. But there are definitely times, I mean, some of my best collaborations have been with people who are more top-down than I am so that we come up with interesting ideas that we wouldn't have thought of if either one of us was working individually.

I mean, sometimes, you know, the community tends to get segmented or fragmented into people who do one or the other. But there are definitely times, I mean, some of my best collaborations have been with people who are more top-down than I am so that we come up with interesting ideas that we wouldn't have thought of if either one of us was working individually.

I mean, sometimes, you know, the community tends to get segmented or fragmented into people who do one or the other. But there are definitely times, I mean, some of my best collaborations have been with people who are more top-down than I am so that we come up with interesting ideas that we wouldn't have thought of if either one of us was working individually.

Einstein was not a top-down person in the beginning. Special relativity was very much him thinking about, you know, they were thought experiments, but he was very much, you know, the original theory about relativity is something like on the nature of electromagnetism.

Einstein was not a top-down person in the beginning. Special relativity was very much him thinking about, you know, they were thought experiments, but he was very much, you know, the original theory about relativity is something like on the nature of electromagnetism.

Einstein was not a top-down person in the beginning. Special relativity was very much him thinking about, you know, they were thought experiments, but he was very much, you know, the original theory about relativity is something like on the nature of electromagnetism.

He was trying to understand how Maxwell's laws could make sense when they seemed to have different symmetries than what we had thought they were. So he was very much a bottom-up person. And in fact, he resisted top-down for a long time.

He was trying to understand how Maxwell's laws could make sense when they seemed to have different symmetries than what we had thought they were. So he was very much a bottom-up person. And in fact, he resisted top-down for a long time.

He was trying to understand how Maxwell's laws could make sense when they seemed to have different symmetries than what we had thought they were. So he was very much a bottom-up person. And in fact, he resisted top-down for a long time.