Michael Schulzen

And so some of the specific concerns that those people were raising about toxicity may not have borne out, right? But at the same time, if they were feeling like there was something about fluoride that was conspiratorial, in that case, they were correct, right? Elected officials in their community were going behind their back to do something that they had concerns about.

You know, it becomes this kind of issue that a lot of different groups that have some deep distrust in public health or some deep distrust in government more broadly can kind of express some of those anxieties through or come to see through that lens, come to see this as being a threatening or dangerous intervention.

You know, it becomes this kind of issue that a lot of different groups that have some deep distrust in public health or some deep distrust in government more broadly can kind of express some of those anxieties through or come to see through that lens, come to see this as being a threatening or dangerous intervention.

You know, it becomes this kind of issue that a lot of different groups that have some deep distrust in public health or some deep distrust in government more broadly can kind of express some of those anxieties through or come to see through that lens, come to see this as being a threatening or dangerous intervention.

The John Birch Society, the kind of right-wing organization, famously takes up fluoride as one cause. There are concerns about fluoride being in some ways a communist plot related to brain control. If you were to try to design something that would become a locus of of these fears. You almost couldn't do it better. It's invisible. It's in the water. It comes out of your tap.

The John Birch Society, the kind of right-wing organization, famously takes up fluoride as one cause. There are concerns about fluoride being in some ways a communist plot related to brain control. If you were to try to design something that would become a locus of of these fears. You almost couldn't do it better. It's invisible. It's in the water. It comes out of your tap.

The John Birch Society, the kind of right-wing organization, famously takes up fluoride as one cause. There are concerns about fluoride being in some ways a communist plot related to brain control. If you were to try to design something that would become a locus of of these fears. You almost couldn't do it better. It's invisible. It's in the water. It comes out of your tap.

It's very difficult to avoid. If you don't trust the people who are making that decision on your behalf, this is a way that their decision-making is coming directly into your home, directly into the stuff that you're putting in your body. And fluoride has, over the years, inspired a tremendous amount of fear and concern.

It's very difficult to avoid. If you don't trust the people who are making that decision on your behalf, this is a way that their decision-making is coming directly into your home, directly into the stuff that you're putting in your body. And fluoride has, over the years, inspired a tremendous amount of fear and concern.

It's very difficult to avoid. If you don't trust the people who are making that decision on your behalf, this is a way that their decision-making is coming directly into your home, directly into the stuff that you're putting in your body. And fluoride has, over the years, inspired a tremendous amount of fear and concern.

So, you know, I think one piece of context that's important to understand here is that, like many things, at higher doses, fluoride is toxic, right? And I don't think that that's been a controversial point during this period. The question is whether the much, much lower doses of fluoride that are appearing in water actually have some effect.

So, you know, I think one piece of context that's important to understand here is that, like many things, at higher doses, fluoride is toxic, right? And I don't think that that's been a controversial point during this period. The question is whether the much, much lower doses of fluoride that are appearing in water actually have some effect.

So, you know, I think one piece of context that's important to understand here is that, like many things, at higher doses, fluoride is toxic, right? And I don't think that that's been a controversial point during this period. The question is whether the much, much lower doses of fluoride that are appearing in water actually have some effect.

During this period, going into the 1980s and 1990s, you have small numbers of scientists who express some concerns about potentially toxic effects from fluoride. But this is really by no means anywhere near even a consensus or non-fringe position during this period. In the 1980s, there's some people at EPA who raised some questions about fluoridation.

During this period, going into the 1980s and 1990s, you have small numbers of scientists who express some concerns about potentially toxic effects from fluoride. But this is really by no means anywhere near even a consensus or non-fringe position during this period. In the 1980s, there's some people at EPA who raised some questions about fluoridation.

During this period, going into the 1980s and 1990s, you have small numbers of scientists who express some concerns about potentially toxic effects from fluoride. But this is really by no means anywhere near even a consensus or non-fringe position during this period. In the 1980s, there's some people at EPA who raised some questions about fluoridation.

And then in the 1990s, you start to see more research coming, in particular from China and India, looking at communities that have high naturally occurring fluoridation. levels of fluoride in their water and starting to detect some potential link between higher levels of fluoride and lowered IQ in children. These studies are, by all accounts, very poorly done.

And then in the 1990s, you start to see more research coming, in particular from China and India, looking at communities that have high naturally occurring fluoridation. levels of fluoride in their water and starting to detect some potential link between higher levels of fluoride and lowered IQ in children. These studies are, by all accounts, very poorly done.

And then in the 1990s, you start to see more research coming, in particular from China and India, looking at communities that have high naturally occurring fluoridation. levels of fluoride in their water and starting to detect some potential link between higher levels of fluoride and lowered IQ in children. These studies are, by all accounts, very poorly done.

There are a lot of other things that could be causing this effect besides the fluoride. But getting into the early 2000s, especially, you start to see some researchers at least noting this and asking some questions about, okay, is there a pattern here that we need to investigate more?