Neil Freiman

Both papers offer the same reasoning.

Essentially, remote work favors more experienced workers than junior ones.

When you hire a young employee, they require teaching, training, and mentorship.

Did this with Toby a couple years ago, which has made all the more difficult when you're at the other end of a Zoom call instead of in person.

So in the remote work era, hiring teams are prioritizing veteran workers who require less hand-holding and can get up to speed more quickly.

Neither of these papers rules out AI being hugely consequential to the job market going forward.

But they do argue that a huge transformation occurred in the workplace over the past couple of years, remote work.

And we don't really talk about it that much or sufficiently consider its impacts.

Toby, are you convinced?

And here's the thing, Gen Z doesn't even want fully remote jobs.

And a Gallup survey from May 2025 found that 71% wants a hybrid arrangement, 6% want fully on-site work, and the rest want fully remote.

But that's a small percentage.

In fact, they're the generation that is most opposed to

fully remote roles and they want to see their colleagues in person maybe not for five days a week but at least for a few days a week probably because they are younger they don't have families yet that they're thinking about taking care of but gen z really wants to come in and see their colleagues in person wants that mentorship wants that development but they're not getting it and the they're suffering as a result in the job market

How much have you learned from just sitting next to me over the past couple of years?

So why is it so important to go first?

And it's the same reason you want to be born first.

And that's because younger siblings just don't get as much attention as the eldest child.

And I know this from firsthand experience as the eldest child.

Research has shown that IPOs tend to come in industry clusters.