Nigel Edwards

And I would, for all systems, be looking to get it done in the early 30s.

I think there will be challenges.

And I think organizations need to prioritize.

I think the advice on that is not to change the strategy.

You need to inventory your systems, inventory your services, and then focus on the ones that are top priority on which your business depends.

Systems that are manipulating or managing sensitive data, such as personal information, financial systems, telecommunication systems, systems with medical records on, all of those are high priority.

So today, there just isn't enough power in the quantum computing devices.

And the engineering challenges are to create a sufficient number of logical qubits.

So perhaps the most famous quantum vulnerable algorithm is RSA.

So to factor a 2K RSA key

you need roughly 2000 logical qubits.

Now a logical qubit is not the same as a physical qubit and the challenge is quantum noise.

The more physical qubits you put together, the more noise you generate and then you have to use quantum error corrections and then using quantum error correction to create that noise becomes more and more challenging.

Will be cracked.

Some of the technology vendors working on quantum computing devices are saying exponential growth, right?

So it's the equivalent of Moore's law, but in the quantum computing space.

And some folks are predicting an increase of a billion over the next 10 years, a number of logical quantum bits that are available.

So that rate of progress is pretty much as soon as a 2K key is successfully factored, then 3K and 4K keys are going to fall very, very quickly after that, which basically means RSA is no longer viable.

We are working on deploying post-quantum cryptographic algorithms.

So these algorithms were standardized by NIST earlier this decade.