Peter Attia

When we used to do these 10 and 14-day water-only fasts, our ketones would actually plateau.

And even when George Cahill did the seminal studies of 40-day water-only fasts, their ketones plateaued at 7 to 10 days.

And a big part of that was that insulin is now keeping them in check.

The reason the ketones aren't going to produce a level of acidosis is that, and that's why, of course,

Kids primarily with type 1 diabetes can develop ketoacidosis.

They don't have the beta cell capacity to offset that rise in ketones.

This case of the alcoholic is very interesting to me.

I actually was never aware of this.

I used to buy it at Sigma Chemicals.

The stuff was dirt cheap.

But it's a very indirect way to do it that comes with toxicity.

So the monoester is beta-hydroxybutyrate with a monoester bond to 1,3-butanediol?

Why is it that you don't experience the same negative issue with that molecule?

Is it because you just consume less of it because you're getting the BHB directly?

And why can't you just consume BHB?

Is that not stable enough by itself, other than in a salt?

So you just needed a positive cation.

And are those covalently bound or not?

Ionically bound.

Yeah.